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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Climate directly influences Eocene mammal faunal dynamics in North America
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Climate directly influences Eocene mammal faunal dynamics in North America

机译：气候直接影响北美始新世哺乳动物的动物动态

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摘要

The modern effect of climate on plants and animals is well documented. Some have cautioned against assigning climate a direct role in Cenozoic land mammal faunal changes. We illustrate 3 episodes of significant mammalian reorganization in the Eocene of North America that are considered direct responses to dramatic climatic events. The first episode occurred during the Paieocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), beginning the Eocene (55.8 Ma), and earliest Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA). The PETM documents a short (<170 k.y.) global temperature increase of ≈5 ℃ and a substantial increase in first appearances of mammals traced to climate-induced immigration. A 4-m.y, period of climatic and evolutionary stasis then ensued. The second climate episode, the late early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, 53-50 Ma), is marked by a temperature increase to the highest prolonged Cenozoic ocean temperature and a similarly distinctive continental interior mean annual temperature (MAT) of 23 ℃. This MAT increase [and of mean annual precipitation (MAP) to 150 cm/y) promoted a major increase in floral diversity and habitat complexity under temporally unique, moist, paratropical conditions. Subsequent climatic deterioration in a third interval, from 50 to 47 Ma, resulted in major faunal diversity loss at both continental and local scales. In this Bridgerian Crash, relative abundance shifted from very diverse, evenly represented, communities to those dominated by the condylarth Hyopsodus. Rather than being "optimum," the EECO began the greatest episode of faunal turnover of the first 15 m.y. of the Cenozoic.
机译：气候对动植物的现代影响已有充分文献记载。一些人警告不要将气候直接作用于新生代陆地哺乳动物的动物区系变化。我们举例说明了在北美始新世发生的重大哺乳动物重组的3个事件，这些事件被认为是对剧烈气候事件的直接反应。第一事件发生在新世-始新世热最大值（PETM）期间，始于始新世（55.8 Ma），最早发生在沃萨奇期的北美陆地哺乳动物时代（NALMA）。 PETM记录了短暂的（<170 k.y.）全球温度升高≈5℃，并且哺乳动物的初次出现显着增加是由于气候引起的移民。随后出现了4个月的气候和演化停滞期。第二个气候事件是始新世早期最适气候（EECO，53-50 Ma），其特征是温度升高至新生代延长的最高海洋温度，大陆内部年平均温度（MAT）也相似，为23℃。 MAT的增加（以及年平均降水量（MAP）达到150 cm / y）促使在时间上独特的，潮湿的，副热带的条件下花卉多样性和生境复杂性的显着增加。随后的第三次气候恶化，从50 Ma到47 Ma，导致大陆和地方尺度上的主要动物多样性丧失。在这场布里奇安灾难中，相对丰富度从非常多样的，代表均匀的社区转变为以Hy突足为主导的社区。 EECO不是“最佳”，而是在头15个月开始了最大的动物更新。新生代。

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