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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Survival of an evasive prey
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Survival of an evasive prey

机译：逃避猎物的生存

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摘要

We study the survival of a prey that is hunted by N predators. The predators perform independent random walks on a square lattice with V sites and start a direct chase whenever the prey appears within their sighting range. The prey is caught when a predator jumps to the site occupied by the prey. We analyze the efficacy of a lazy, minimal-effort evasion strategy according to which the prey tries to avoid encounters with the predators by making a hop only when any of the predators appears within its sighting range; otherwise the prey stays still. We show that if the sighting range of such a lazy prey is equal to 1 lattice spacing, at least 3 predators are needed in order to catch the prey on a square lattice. In this situation, we establish a simple asymptotic relation In P_(ev)(t) ～ (N/V)~2 In P_(imm)(t) between the survival probabilities of an evasive and an immobile prey. Hence, when the density ρ = N/V of the predators is low, ρ « 1, the lazy evasion strategy leads to the spectacular increase of the survival probability. We also argue that a short-sighting prey (its sighting range is smaller than the sighting range of the predators) undergoes an effective superdiffusive motion, as a result of its encounters with the predators, whereas a far-sighting prey performs a diffusive-type motion.
机译：我们研究了被N个捕食者捕食的猎物的生存情况。捕食者在具有V个位置的方格上执行独立的随机游动，并在猎物出现在其视线范围内时开始直接追逐。当捕食者跳到被猎物占据的地点时，猎物被捕获。我们分析了一种懒惰的，尽力而为的逃避策略的效果，根据该策略，当只有掠食者出现在其视线范围内时，掠食者才会尝试跳一跳，从而避免与掠食者相遇。否则猎物保持静止。我们表明，如果这样一个懒惰的猎物的瞄准范围等于1个晶格间距，则至少需要3个捕食者才能将猎物捕获在方格上。在这种情况下，逃避者和不动猎物的生存概率在P_（ev）（t）〜（N / V）〜2 In P_（imm）（t）中建立简单的渐近关系。因此，当掠夺者的密度ρ= N / V低时，ρ«1，懒惰的逃避策略导致生存概率显着增加。我们还认为，由于与掠食者的相遇，近视猎物（其瞄准范围小于掠食者的瞄准范围）经历了有效的超扩散运动，而远视猎物则表现出扩散型运动。

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  • 作者

    G. Oshanin; O. Vasilyev; P. L. Krapivsky; J. Klafter;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory J.-V. Poncelet, Unite Mixte Internationale 2615, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Independent University of Moscow, Bolshoy Vlasyevskiy Pereulok 11, 119002 Moscow, Russia Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de la Matiere Condensee, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7600, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France;

    Max Planck Institut fur Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany Institut fuer Theoretische und Angewandte Physik, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;

    Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215;

    School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    pursuit; chase; diffusion; superdiffusion; first-passage times;

    机译：追求追;扩散;超扩散首次通过时间;

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