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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of bacterial suspensions
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Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of bacterial suspensions

机译：细菌悬浮液的统计力学和流体力学

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摘要

Unicellular living organisms, such as bacteria and algae, propel themselves through a medium via cyclic strokes involving the motion of cilia and flagella. Dense populations of such "active particles" or "swimmers" exhibit a rich collective behavior at large scales. Starting with a minimal physical model of a stroke-averaged swimmer in a fluid, we derive a continuum description of a suspension of active organisms that incorporates fluid-mediated, long-range hydrodynamic interactions among the swimmers. Our work demonstrates that hydrodynamic interactions provide a simple, generic origin for several nonequilibrium phenomena predicted or observed in the literature. The continuum model derived here does not depend on the microscopic physical model of the individual swimmer. The details of the large-scale physics do, however, differ for "shakers" (particles that are active but not self-propelled, such as melanocytes) and "movers" (self-propelled particles), "pushers" (most bacteria) and "pullers" (algae like Chlamydomonas). Our work provides a classification of the large-scale behavior of all these systems.
机译：单细胞生物，例如细菌和藻类，通过涉及纤毛和鞭毛运动的周期性中风，通过介质推动自身。这种“活性粒子”或“游泳者”的密集种群在大规模上表现出丰富的集体行为。从中风游泳者在液体中的最小物理模型开始，我们获得了对活性生物悬浮液的连续描述，该悬浮液结合了游泳者之间的液体介导的远程流体动力相互作用。我们的工作表明，流体动力相互作用为文献中预测或观察到的几种非平衡现象提供了简单的通用来源。这里导出的连续体模型不依赖于单个游泳者的微观物理模型。但是，大型物理学的细节确实有所不同，因为“振动器”（活跃但未自我推进的颗粒，例如黑素细胞）和“运动者”（自我推进的颗粒），“推动器”（大多数细菌）和“拉虫”（藻类，如衣藻）。我们的工作对所有这些系统的大规模行为进行了分类。

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