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Darwin and the recent African origin of modern humans

机译：达尔文与近代非洲人的近代起源

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摘要

On this 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his monumental The Origin of Species (1859) (1), it seems fitting to summarize Darwin's views on human evolution and to show how far we have come since. Darwin famously neglected the subject in The Origin, except near the end where he noted only that "light would be thrown on the origin of man and his history" by the massive evidence he had compiled for evolution by means of natural selection. In The Descent of Man (1871) (2), he said that addressing human evolution in 1859 would "only add to the prejudices against my views." Satisfied now that those prejudices had significantly receded, he deployed an array of comparative anatomical, embryological, and behavioral observations to argue that people had evolved in the same manner as other species. He emphasized the comparative anatomical details in Thomas Huxley's monograph Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863) (3) to substantiate the particularly close evolutionary relationship between people and the "anthropomorphous" apes. He also reiterated Huxley's prescient inference, grounded in the distribution of the especially humanlike African apes, that the last shared ancestor of people and apes lived in tropical Africa.
机译：在查尔斯·达尔文诞辰200周年和他的纪念性著作《物种起源》（1859）（1）出版150周年之际，似乎有必要总结达尔文对人类进化的观点并展示自此以来我们走了多远。达尔文著名地忽略了《起源》中的主题，除非他在结尾处指出他通过自然选择为进化而积累的大量证据只能“向人类的起源和他的历史投下光”。他在《人类的后裔（1871）（2）》中说，在1859年解决人类进化问题“只会增加对我观点的偏见”。现在，他对这些偏见已大为满意，因此部署了一系列比较的解剖学，胚胎学和行为学观察，以论证人们与其他物种的进化方式相同。他在托马斯·赫x黎（Thomas Huxley）的专着《人类在自然界中的证据》（1863）（3）中强调了比较解剖学的细节，以证实人与“拟人”猿类之间特别紧密的进化关系。他还重申了赫x黎的有先见之明的推论，该推论基于人类特别是非洲类猿的分布，即人类和猿类的最后祖先生活在热带非洲。

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