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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The meaning of Neandertal skeletal morphology
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The meaning of Neandertal skeletal morphology

机译：尼安德特人骨骼形态的意义

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摘要

A procedure is outlined for distinguishing among competing hypotheses for fossil morphology and then used to evaluate current views on the meaning of Neandertal skeletal morphology. Three explanations have dominated debates about the meaning of Neandertal cranial features: climatic adaptation, anterior dental loading, and genetic drift. Neither climatic adaptation nor anterior dental loading are well supported, but genetic drift is consistent with the available evidence. Climatic adaptation and activity patterns are the most discussed explanations for Neandertal postcranial features. Robust empirical relationships between climate and body form in extant humans and other endotherms currently make climatic adaptation the most plausible explanation for the wide bodies and relatively short limbs of Neandertals, and many additional postcranial features are likely secondary consequences of these overall skeletal proportions. Activity patterns may explain certain Neandertal postcranial features, but unlike the situation for climate, relationships in extant humans between morphology and activities are typically not well established. For both the cranium and the post-cranium, changes in diet or activity patterns may underlie why Neandertals and Pleistocene modern humans tend to be more robust than Holocene humans.
机译：概述了一种程序，用于区分化石形态的竞争假设，然后用于评估关于尼安德特人骨骼形态含义的当前观点。关于尼安德特人颅骨特征含义的辩论主要有以下三种解释：气候适应性，前牙负荷和遗传漂移。无论是气候适应还是前牙负荷都没有得到很好的支持，但是遗传漂移与现有证据一致。气候适应和活动模式是关于尼安德特人颅后功能的讨论最多的解释。当前人类与其他吸热之间气候与体型之间的稳固经验关系使气候适应成为尼安德特人的宽体和短肢的最合理的解释，而且许多其他颅后特征可能是这些总体骨骼比例的次要结果。活动模式可以解释尼安德特人的某些颅后特征，但与气候情况不同，现存人类在形态和活动之间的关系通常并没有很好地建立。对于头盖骨和头盖骨而言，饮食或活动方式的变化可能是为什么尼安德特人和更新世现代人类趋于比全新世人类更健壮的原因。

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