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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Evidence for adaptive radiation from a phylogenetic study of plant defenses
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Evidence for adaptive radiation from a phylogenetic study of plant defenses

机译：植物防御系统发育研究的适应性辐射证据

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摘要

One signature of adaptive radiation is a high level of trait change early during the diversification process and a plateau toward the end of the radiation. Although the study of the tempo of evolution has historically been the domain of paleontologists, recently developed phylogenetic tools allow for the rigorous examination of trait evolution in a tremendous diversity of organisms. Enemy-driven adaptive radiation was a key prediction of Ehrlich and Raven's coevolutionary hypothesis [Ehrlich PR, Raven PH (1964) Evolution 18:586-608], yet has remained largely untested. Here we examine patterns of trait evolution in 51 North American milkweed species (Asdepias), using maximum likelihood methods. We study 7 traits of the milkweeds, ranging from seed size and foliar physiological traits to defense traits (cardenolides, latex, and trichomes) previously shown to impact herbivores, including the monarch butterfly. We compare the fit of simple random-walk models of trait evolution to models that incorporate stabilizing selection (Ornstein-Ulenbeck process), as well as time-varying rates of trait evolution. Early bursts of trait evolution were implicated for 2 traits, while stabilizing selection was implicated for several others. We further modeled the relationship between trait change and species diversification while allowing rates of trait evolution to vary during the radiation. Species-rich lineages underwent a proportionately greater decline in latex and cardenolides relative to species-poor lineages, and the rate of trait change was most rapid early in the radiation. An interpretation of this result is that reduced investment in defensive traits accelerated diversification, and disproportionately so, early in the adaptive radiation of milkweeds.
机译：适应性辐射的一个特征是在多样化过程的早期，高水平的性状改变，并且在辐射结束时处于平稳状态。尽管从历史上讲，进化速度的研究一直是古生物学家的研究领域，但最近开发的系统发育工具可对多种生物中的性状进化进行严格的检查。敌人驱动的适应性辐射是Ehrlich和Raven的共同进化假说的关键预测[Ehrlich PR，Raven PH（1964）Evolution 18：586-608]，但尚未得到广泛检验。在这里，我们使用最大似然方法研究了51个北美马利筋树种（Asdepias）的性状进化模式。我们研究了乳草的7个性状，从种子大小和叶面生理性状到以前显示会影响草食动物（包括帝王蝶）的防御性状（松香，乳胶和毛状体）。我们比较了特征进化的简单随机游走模型与包含稳定选择（Ornstein-Ulenbeck过程）的模型的拟合以及特征进化的时变率。特质进化的早期爆发与2个特质有关，而稳定选择与另外几个特质有关。我们进一步模拟了性状变化与物种多样性之间的关系，同时允许性状进化的速率在辐射期间发生变化。相对于物种贫乏的世系，富含物种的世系的乳胶和烯醇内酯的下降成比例更大，并且辐射初期特征变化的速度最快。对这一结果的解释是，在适应性辐射的乳草早期，对防御性状的投资减少加速了多样化，而且不成比例地加快了多样化。

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    Anurag A. Agrawal; Mark Fishbein; Rayko Halitschke; Amy P. Hastings; Daniel L. Rabosky; Sergio Rasmann;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701 Cornell Center for a Sustainable Future and Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;

    Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207 Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, 104 Life Sciences East,Stillwater, OK 74078;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    asdepias; cardenolides; coevolution; macroevolutionary trends; latex;

    机译：asdepias;心得安;协同进化宏观进化趋势;胶乳;

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