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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The evolution of antiherbivore defenses and their contribution to species coexistence in the tropical tree genus Inga
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The evolution of antiherbivore defenses and their contribution to species coexistence in the tropical tree genus Inga

机译：热带树木Inga的抗草食动物防御系统的进化及其对物种共存的贡献

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Plants and their herbivores constitute more than half of the organisms in tropical forests. Therefore, a better understanding of the evolution of plant defenses against their herbivores may be central for our understanding of tropical biodiversity. Here, we address the evolution of antiherbivore defenses and their possible contribution to coexistence in the Neotropical tree genus Inga (Fabaceae). Inga has >300 species, has radiated recently, and is frequently one of the most diverse and abundant genera at a given site. For 37 species from Panama and Peru we characterized developmental, ant, and chemical defenses against herbivores. We found extensive variation in defenses, but little evidence of phy-logenetic signal. Furthermore, in a multivariate analysis, developmental, ant, and chemical defenses varied independently (were orthogonal) and appear to have evolved independently of each other. Our results are consistent with strong selection for divergent defensive traits, presumably mediated by herbivores. In an analysis of community assembly, we found that Inga species co-occurring as neighbors are more different in antiherbivore defenses than random, suggesting that possessing a rare defense phenotype increases fitness. These results imply that interactions with herbivores may be an important axis of niche differentiation that permits the coexistence of many species of Inga within a single site. Interactions between plants and their herbivores likely play a key role in the generation and maintenance of the conspicuously high plant diversity in the tropics.
机译：在热带森林中，植物及其草食动物构成了一半以上的生物。因此，更好地了解植物防御食草动物的进化可能是我们了解热带生物多样性的中心。在这里，我们讨论了新草木属Inga（Fabaceae）中抗草食动物防御的演变及其对共存的可能贡献。印加（Inga）有300多个物种，最近已辐射，并且通常是给定站点上最多样化和最丰富的属之一。对于来自巴拿马和秘鲁的37个物种，我们对草食动物的发育，蚂蚁和化学防御进行了表征。我们在防御中发现了广泛的差异，但是很少有植酸信号的证据。此外，在多变量分析中，发育防御，蚂蚁防御和化学防御各自独立（正交）变化，并且似乎彼此独立地发展。我们的结果与对多种防御性状的强烈选择相一致，这些防御性状可能是由草食性动物介导的。在对社区集会的分析中，我们发现作为邻居同时出现的Inga物种在抗草食动物防御中的差异要比随机分布的差异更大，这表明拥有罕见的防御表型可以提高适应性。这些结果表明，与食草动物的相互作用可能是利基分化的重要轴，这使得许多Inga物种可以在单个位点内共存。植物与草食动物之间的相互作用可能在热带地区显着高植物多样性的产生和维持中起关键作用。

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