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The dynamics of adaptation on correlated fitness landscapes

机译：相关健身景观的适应动力学

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摘要

Evolutionary theory predicts that a population in a new environment will accumulate adaptive substitutions, but precisely how they accumulate is poorly understood. The dynamics of adaptation depend on the underlying fitness landscape. Virtually nothing is known about fitness landscapes in nature, and few methods allow us to infer the landscape from empirical data. With a view toward this inference problem, we have developed a theory that, in the weak-mutation limit, predicts how a population's mean fitness and the number of accumulated substitutions are expected to increase over time, depending on the underlying fitness landscape. We find that fitness and substitution trajectories depend not on the full distribution of fitness effects of available mutations but rather on the expected fixation probability and the expected fitness increment of mutations. We introduce a scheme that classifies landscapes in terms of the qualitative evolutionary dynamics they produce. We show that linear substitution trajectories, long considered the hallmark of neutral evolution, can arise even when mutations are strongly selected. Our results provide a basis for understanding the dynamics of adaptation and for inferring properties of an organism's fitness landscape from temporal data. Applying these methods to data from a long-term experiment, we infer the sign and strength of epistasis among beneficial mutations in the Escherichia coli genome.
机译：进化理论预测，新环境中的种群会积累适应性替代，但人们对其积累的确切方式知之甚少。适应的动态取决于潜在的适应状况。对于自然界中的健身景观，实际上几乎一无所知，很少有方法可以让我们从经验数据中推断出健身景观。考虑到这一推断问题，我们已经开发出一种理论，该理论在弱变异极限内预测人口的平均适应度和累积替代数随时间的推移而增加，具体取决于底层的适应度状况。我们发现适应度和替代轨迹不取决于可用突变的适应性效应的完整分布，而是取决于预期的固定概率和预期的适应性增量。我们引入了一种根据景观产生的定性进化动力学对景观进行分类的方案。我们显示，长期被认为是中性进化的标志的线性取代轨迹，即使强烈选择突变时也会出现。我们的结果为理解适应的动力学和从时间数据推断生物体适应度的特性提供了基础。将这些方法应用于来自长期实验的数据，我们可以推断出大肠杆菌基因组中有益突变的上位征兆和强度。

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