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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Nitrogen recycling and nutritional provisioning by Blattabacterium, the cockroach endosymbiont
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Nitrogen recycling and nutritional provisioning by Blattabacterium, the cockroach endosymbiont

机译：蟑螂内共生菌布拉达细菌的氮循环和营养供应

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摘要

Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation is a primary concern of insects feeding on diets largely composed of plant material. Reclaiming nitrogen from waste products provides a rich reserve for this limited resource, provided that recycling mechanisms are in place. Cockroaches, unlike most terrestrial insects, excrete waste nitrogen within their fat bodies as uric acids, postulated to be a supplement when dietary nitrogen is limited. The fat bodies of most cockroaches are inhabited by Blattabacterium, which are vertically transmitted, Gram-negative bacteria that have been hypothesized to participate in uric acid degradation, nitrogen assimilation, and nutrient provisioning. We have sequenced completely the Blattabacterium genome from Periplaneta americana. Genomic analysis confirms that Blattabacterium is a member of the Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes), with its closest known relative being the endosymbiont Sulcia muelleri, which is found in many sap-feeding insects. Metabolic reconstruction indicates that it lacks recognizable uricolytic enzymes, but it can recycle nitrogen from urea and ammonia, which are uric acid degradation products, into glutamate, using urease and glutamate dehydrogenase. Subsequently, Blattabacterium can produce all of the essential amino acids, various vitamins, and other required compounds from a limited palette of metabolic substrates. The ancient association with Blattabacterium has allowed cockroaches to subsist successfully on nitrogen-poor diets and to exploit nitrogenous wastes, capabilities that are critical to the ecological range and global distribution of cockroach species.
机译：氮的吸收和同化是昆虫以主要由植物材料组成的饮食为食的主要考虑因素。只要有回收机制，从废品中回收氮就可以为这种有限的资源提供丰富的储备。与大多数陆生昆虫不同，蟑螂会将尿素中的废氮作为尿酸排泄出去，当饮食中的氮含量有限时，蟑螂被认为是补充。大多数蟑螂的脂肪体都居住在布拉塔细菌中，该细菌是垂直传播的，革兰氏阴性细菌被认为可以参与尿酸降解，氮同化和营养供应。我们已经对来自美洲大i的鼓藻细菌基因组进行了完整测序。基因组分析证实，杆菌是黄杆菌属（Bacteroidetes）的成员，其最接近的亲戚是内共生菌Sulcia muelleri，在许多以食汁为食的昆虫中都发现了它。代谢重建表明它缺乏可识别的尿液分解酶，但可以利用尿素酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶将尿素和氨的氮（尿酸降解产物）再循环到谷氨酸中。随后，芽孢杆菌可以从有限的代谢底物中产生所有必需氨基酸，各种维生素和其他所需化合物。古老的与布拉塔细菌的联系使蟑螂能够在贫氮饮食中成功生存，并利用含氮废物，这对蟑螂的生态范围和全球分布至关重要。

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