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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The polychromatic Helitron landscape of the maize genome
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The polychromatic Helitron landscape of the maize genome

机译：玉米基因组的多色Helitron景观

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Maize Helitron transposons are intriguing because of their notable ability to capture gene fragments and move them around the genome. To document more extensively their variability and their contribution to the remarkable genome structure variation of present-day maize, we have analyzed their composition, copy number, timing of insertion, and chromosomal distribution. First, we searched 2.4 Gb of sequences generated by the Maize Genome Sequencing Project with our Helitron Finder program. We identified 2,791 putative nonautonomous Helitrons and manually curated a subset of 272. The predicted Helitrons measure 11.9 kb on average and carry from zero to nine gene fragments, captured from 376 different genes. Although the diversity of Helitron gene fragments in maize is greater than in other species, more than one-third of annotated Helitrons carry fragments derived from just one of two genes. Most members in these two subfamilies inserted in the genome less than one million years ago. Second, we conducted a BLASTN search of the maize sequence database with queries from two previously described agenic Helitrons not detected by HelitronFinder. Two large subfamilies of Helitrons or Helitron-related transposons were identified. One subfamily, termed Cornucoplous, consists of thousands of copies of an ≈1.0-kb agenic Helitron that may be the most abundant transposon in maize. The second subfamily consists of ＞ 150 copies of a transposon-like sequence, termed Heltir, that has terminal inverted repeats resembling Helitron 3' termini. Nonautonomous Helitrons make up at least 2% of the maize genome and most of those tested show +/- polymorphisms among modern inbred lines.
机译：玉米Helitron转座子吸引人，是因为它们具有捕获基因片段并将其在基因组中移动的显着能力。为了更广泛地记录它们的变异性及其对当今玉米显着基因组结构变异的贡献，我们分析了它们的组成，拷贝数，插入时间和染色体分布。首先，我们使用Helitron Finder程序搜索了玉米基因组测序项目生成的2.4 Gb序列。我们鉴定了2,791个推定的非自治Helitron，并手动管理了272个子集。预测的Helitron平均测量11.9 kb，携带从376个不同基因捕获的零至九个基因片段。尽管玉米中Helitron基因片段的多样性比其他物种更大，但超过三分之一的带注释的Helitron携带的片段仅来自两个基因之一。这两个亚家族的大多数成员在不到一百万年前插入基因组。其次，我们对玉米序列数据库进行了BLASTN搜索，使用了两个先前描述的HelitronFinder未检测到的非基因Helitron的查询。鉴定出两个Helitrons或Helitron相关转座子的大亚科。一个亚科，称为Cornupolous，由成千上万个约1.0kb的非基因Helitron拷贝组成，可能是玉米中最丰富的转座子。第二个亚科由> 150个拷贝的转座子样序列（称为Heltir）组成，该序列具有类似于Helitron 3'末端的末端反向重复序列。非自主性的Helitrons至少占玉米基因组的2％，大多数被测者显示出现代自交系之间的+/-多态性。

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