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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A feeling for the numbers in biology
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A feeling for the numbers in biology

机译：对生物学数字的感觉

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Although the quantitative description of biological systems has been going on for centuries, recent advances in the measurement of phenomena ranging from metabolism to gene expression to signal transduction have resulted in a new emphasis on biological numeracy. This article describes the confluence of two different approaches to biological numbers. First, an impressive array of quantitative measurements make it possible to develop intuition about biological numbers ranging from how many gigatons of atmospheric carbon are fixed every year in the process of photosynthesis to the number of membrane transporters needed to provide sugars to rapidly dividing Escherichia coil cells. As a result of the vast array of such quantitative data, the BioNumbers web site has recently been developed as a repository for biology by the numbers. Second, a complementary and powerful tradition of numerical estimates familiar from the physical sciences and canonized in the so-called "Fermi problems" calls for efforts to estimate key biological quantities on the basis of a few foundational facts and simple ideas from physics and chemistry. In this article, we describe these two approaches and illustrate their synergism in several particularly appealing case studies. These case studies reveal the impact that an emphasis on numbers can have on important biological questions.
机译：尽管对生物系统的定量描述已经进行了数百年，但从代谢到基因表达再到信号转导等现象的测量方法的最新进展，使得人们对生物计算有了新的重视。本文介绍了两种不同的生物学数字方法的融合。首先，一系列令人印象深刻的定量测量结果使人们有可能对生物数量产生直觉，从光合作用过程中每年固定多少千兆碳的大气碳到提供糖以快速分裂大肠埃希氏菌卷曲细胞所需的膜转运蛋白的数量。 。由于存在大量此类定量数据，最近已将BioNumbers网站开发为按数字存储生物学的资料库。第二，一种互补且强大的数值估计传统，它是物理学所熟悉的，并在所谓的“费米问题”中被经典化，要求人们根据一些基础事实以及物理学和化学的简单思想来努力估算关键的生物量。在本文中，我们描述了这两种方法，并在一些特别吸引人的案例研究中说明了它们的协同作用。这些案例研究表明，强调数字可能会对重要的生物学问题产生影响。

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