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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Qverfishing reduces resilience of kelp beds to climate-driven catastrophic phase shift
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Qverfishing reduces resilience of kelp beds to climate-driven catastrophic phase shift

机译：Qverfishing降低了海带床对气候驱动的灾难性相变的适应力

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A key consideration in assessing impacts of climate change is the possibility of synergistic effects with other human-induced stres-sors. In the ocean realm, climate change and overfishing pose two of the greatest challenges to the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. In eastern Tasmania, temperate coastal waters are warming at approximately four times the global ocean warming average, representing the fastest rate of warming in the Southern Hemisphere. This has driven range extension of the ecologically important long-spined sea urchin {Centrostephanus rodgersii), which has now commenced catastrophic overgrazing of productive Tasmanian kelp beds leading to loss of biodiversity and important rocky reef ecosystem services. Coincident with the overgrazing is heavy fishing of reef-based predators including the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii. By conducting experiments inside and outside Marine Protected Areas we show that fishing, by removing large predatory lobsters, has reduced the resilience of kelp beds against the climate-driven threat of the sea urchin and thus increased risk of catastrophic shift to widespread sea urchin barrens. This shows that interactions between multiple human-induced stressors can exacerbate nonlinear responses of ecosystems to climate change and limit the adaptive capacity of these systems. Management actions focused on reducing the risk of catastrophic phase shift in ecosystems are particularly urgent in the face of ongoing warming and unprecedented levels of predator removal from the world's oceans.
机译：评估气候变化影响的一个关键考虑因素是与其他人为因素引起的协同效应的可能性。在海洋领域，气候变化和过度捕捞对海洋生态系统的结构和功能构成了两个最大的挑战。在塔斯马尼亚州东部，温带沿海水域的变暖速度约为全球海洋平均增温速度的四倍，这是南半球增速最快的一年。这推动了具有生态重要性的长旋海胆（Centrostephanus rodgersii）的范围扩大，该海胆现已开始对塔斯马尼亚海藻生产性海床进行灾难性的过度放牧，导致生物多样性丧失和重要的礁石生态系统服务。与过度放牧相吻合的是大量捕捞珊瑚礁捕食者，包括多刺龙虾Jasus edwardsii。通过在海洋保护区之内和之外进行实验，我们表明，捕捞通过去除大型掠夺性龙虾，降低了海带床抵御气候驱动的海胆威胁的适应力，从而增加了灾难性地转移到广泛的海胆贫瘠地区的风险。这表明，多个人为压力源之间的相互作用会加剧生态系统对气候变化的非线性响应，并限制这些系统的适应能力。面对持续的变暖和世界海洋捕食者的空前清除，以减少生态系统灾难性的相变风险为重点的管理行动尤为紧迫。

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