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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Niche conservatism above the species level
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Niche conservatism above the species level

机译：物种水平以上的利基保守主义

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摘要

Traits that enable species to persist in ecological environments are often maintained over time, a phenomenon known as niche conservatism. Here we argue that ecological niches function at levels above species, notably at the level of genus for mammals, and that niche conservatism is also evident above the species level. Using the proxy of geographic range size, we explore changes in the realized niche of North American mammalian genera and families across the major climatic transition represented by the last glacial-interglacial transition. We calculate the mean and variance of range size for extant mammalian genera and families, rank them by range size, and estimate the change in range size and rank during the late Pleistocene and late Holocene. We demonstrate that range size at the genus and family levels was surprisingly constant over this period despite range shifts and extinctions of species within the clades. We suggest that underlying controls on niche conservatism may be different at these higher taxonomic levels than at the species level. Niche conservatism at higher levels seems primarily controlled by intrinsic life history traits, whereas niche conservatism at the species level may reflect underlying environmental controls. These results highlight the critical importance of conserving the biodiversity of mammals at the genus level and of maintaining an adequate species pool within genera.
机译：使物种在生态环境中持久存在的特征通常会随着时间的流逝而保持，这种现象被称为利基保守主义。在这里，我们认为生态位在物种之上的水平上起作用，特别是在哺乳动物的属水平上，而生态位保守性在物种之上也很明显。使用地理范围大小的代理，我们探索了以最后一次冰期至冰间期转变为代表的主要气候转变过程中，北美哺乳动物属和家庭已实现生态位的变化。我们计算现有哺乳动物属和科的范围大小的均值和方差，按范围大小对它们进行排名，并估计更新世晚期和全新世晚期范围大小和等级的变化。我们证明了在这个时期内，尽管在进化枝内物种的范围发生了变化和灭绝，但在属和家庭水平上的范围大小却出奇地恒定。我们建议，在这些较高的分类学水平上，与物种水平相比，对生态位保守性的基本控制可能有所不同。较高水平的生态位保守性似乎主要受内在的生活史特征控制，而物种水平的生态位保守性可能反映了潜在的环境控制。这些结果凸显了在属水平上保护哺乳动物的生物多样性以及在属内维持足够的物种库的至关重要性。

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