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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Ecological specialization and population size in a biodiversity hotspot: How rare species avoid extinction
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Ecological specialization and population size in a biodiversity hotspot: How rare species avoid extinction

机译：生物多样性热点中的生态专业化和人口规模：稀有物种如何避免灭绝

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摘要

Species with narrow environmental niches typically have small geographic ranges. Small range size is, in turn, often associated with low local abundance. Together, these factors should mean that ecological specialists have very small total populations, putting them at high risk of extinction. But some specialized and geographically restricted species are ancient, and some ecological communities have high proportions of rare and specialized endemics. We studied niche characteristics and patterns of distribution and abundance of terrestrial vertebrates in the rainforests of the Australian Wet Tropics (AWT) to identify mechanisms by which rare species might resist extinction. We show that species with narrow environmental niches and small geographic ranges tend to have high and uniform local abundances. The compensation of geographic rarity by local abundance is exact, such that total population size in the rainforest vertebrates of the AWT is independent of environmental specialization. This effect would tend to help equalize extinction risk for specialists and generalists. Phylo-genetic analysis suggests that environmental specialists have been gradually accumulating in this fauna, indicating that small range size/environmental specialization can be a successful trait as long as it is compensated for by demographic commonness. These results provide an explanation of how range-restricted specialists can persist for long periods, so that they now form a major component of high-diversity assemblages such as the AWT.
机译：生态位狭窄的物种通常具有较小的地理范围。反过来，小范围的大小通常与较低的局部丰度相关。这些因素加在一起，就意味着生态专家的总人口非常少，使他们面临灭绝的高风险。但是一些专门的和受地理限制的物种是古老的，一些生态群落中稀有和专门的特有种比例很高。我们研究了澳大利亚湿热带地区（AWT）雨林中陆生脊椎动物的生态位特征，分布模式和分布方式，以确定稀有物种可能抵抗灭绝的机制。我们表明，具有狭窄环境壁and和较小地理范围的物种往往具有较高且均匀的局部丰度。通过本地丰度对稀有地理区域的补偿是精确的，因此AWT雨林脊椎动物中的总种群规模与环境专业化无关。这种效应将有助于使专家和通才的灭绝风险均等​​。系统遗传学分析表明，环境专家已经在这种动物中逐渐积累，这表明小范围的规模/环境专业化可以成为成功的特征，只要能通过人口统计学的共同补偿即可。这些结果解释了范围受限的专家如何能够长期存在，从而使它们成为了诸如AWT之类的高多样性组合的主要组成部分。

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  • 作者

    S. E. Williams; Y. M. Williams; J. VanDerWal; J. L. Isaac; L. P. Shoo; C. N. Johnson;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

    Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    abundance; range size; rarity;

    机译：丰富;范围大小;稀有度;

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