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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Niches and distributional areas: Concepts, methods, and assumptions
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Niches and distributional areas: Concepts, methods, and assumptions

机译：生态位和分布区域：概念，方法和假设

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摘要

Estimating actual and potential areas of distribution of species via ecological niche modeling has become a very active field of research, yet important conceptual issues in this field remain confused. We argue that conceptual clarity is enhanced by adopting restricted definitions of "niche" that enable operational definitions of basic concepts like fundamental, potential, and realized niches and potential and actual distributional areas. We apply these definitions to the question of niche conservatism, addressing what it is that is conserved and showing with a quantitative example how niche change can be measured. In this example, we display the extremely irregular structure of niche space, arguing that it is an important factor in understanding niche evolution. Many cases of apparently successful models of distributions ignore biotic factors: we suggest explanations to account for this paradox. Finally, relating the probability of observing a species to ecological factors, we address the issue of what objects are actually calculated by different niche modeling algorithms and stress the fact that methods that use only presence data calculate very different quantities than methods that use absence data. We conclude that the results of niche modeling exercises can be interpreted much better if the ecological and mathematical assumptions of the modeling process are made explicit.
机译：通过生态位建模来估计物种分布的实际和潜在区域已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域，但该领域中的重要概念问题仍然令人困惑。我们认为，通过采用“利基”的受限定义可以增强概念的清晰度，这些定义可以对基本概念（如基本，潜在和已实现的利基以及潜在和实际的分布区域）进行操作性定义。我们将这些定义应用于小生境保守性问题，解决保守的问题，并通过定量示例说明如何衡量小生境变化。在此示例中，我们展示了利基空间的极其不规则的结构，认为这是理解利基演化的重要因素。许多明显成功的分配模型案例都忽略了生物因素：我们建议做出解释以解释这一悖论。最后，将观察物种的可能性与生态因素相关联，我们解决了由不同的利基建模算法实际计算出哪些对象的问题，并强调了这样一个事实，即仅使用存在数据的方法与使用缺失数据的方法计算的数量相差很大。我们得出的结论是，如果明确了建模过程的生态和数学假设，则可以更好地解释利基建模练习的结果。

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