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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Evidence for declines in human population densities during the early Upper Paleolithic in western Europe
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Evidence for declines in human population densities during the early Upper Paleolithic in western Europe

机译：西欧上古旧石器时代早期人口密度下降的证据

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摘要

In western Europe, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic (M/UP) transition, dated between ≈35,000 and ≈40,000 radiocarbon years, corresponded to a period of major human biological and cultural changes. However, information on human population densities is scarce for that period. New faunal data from the high-resolution record of Saint-Cesaire, France, indicate an episode of significant climatic deterioration during the early Upper Paleolithic (EUP), which also was associated with a reduction in mammalian species diversity. High correlations between ethnographic data and mammalian species diversity suggest that this shift decreased human population densities. Reliance on reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), a highly fluctuating resource, would also have promoted declines in human population densities. These data suggest that the EUP represented for humans a period of significant niche contraction in western Europe. In this context, the possibility that a modern human expansion occurred in this region seems low. Instead, it is suggested that population bottlenecks, genetic drift, and gene flow prevailed over human population replacement as mechanisms of evolution in humans during the EUP.
机译：在西欧，中至上旧石器时代（M / UP）过渡的放射性碳年限在大约35,000至40,000之间，对应于人类生物和文化发生重大变化的时期。但是，在那个时期，缺乏有关人口密度的信息。来自法国圣塞瑟尔的高分辨率记录的新动物区系数据表明，在上旧石器时代早期（EUP）期间发生了严重的气候恶化，这也与哺乳动物物种多样性的减少有关。人种学数据与哺乳动物物种多样性之间的高度相关性表明，这种转变降低了人口密度。依靠驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）这种高度动荡的资源，也会促使人口密度下降。这些数据表明，EUP对人类而言代表了西欧显着的生态位收缩期。在这种情况下，该地区发生现代人类扩张的可能性似乎很小。取而代之的是，建议在EUP期间，人口瓶颈，遗传漂移和基因流胜过人口替代，这是人类进化的机制。

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