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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
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Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

机译：引导澳大利亚大堡礁向基于生态系统的管理过渡

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摘要

We analyze the strategies and actions that enable transitions toward ecosystem-based management using the recent governance changes of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park as a case study. The interplay among individual actors, organizations, and institutions at multiple levels is central in such transitions. A flexible organization, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, was crucial in initiating the transition to ecosystem-based management. This agency was also instrumental in the subsequent transformation of the governance regime and provided leadership throughout the process. Strategies involved internal reorganization and management innovation, leading to an ability to coordinate the scientific community, to increase public awareness of environmental issues and problems, to involve a broader set of stakeholders, and to maneuver the political system for support at critical times. The transformation process was induced by increased pressure on the Great Barrier Reef (from terrestrial runoff, over-harvesting, and global warming) that triggered a new sense of urgency to address these challenges. The focus of governance shifted from protection of selected individual reefs to stewardship of the larger-scale seascape. The study emphasizes the significance of stewardship that can change patterns of interactions among key actors and allow for new forms of management and governance to emerge in response to environmental change. This example illustrates that enabling legislations or other social bounds are essential, but not sufficient for shifting governance toward adaptive comanagement of complex marine ecosystems.
机译：我们以大堡礁海洋公园的近期治理变化为例，分析了实现向基于生态系统管理过渡的策略和行动。各个角色，组织和机构在多个级别之间的相互作用是这种过渡的核心。一个灵活的组织，大堡礁海洋公园管理局，对于启动向基于生态系统的管理的过渡至关重要。该机构还有助于随后的治理体制转变，并在整个过程中发挥领导作用。策略涉及内部重组和管理创新，从而具有协调科学界，提高公众对环境问题和问题的认识，使更多的利益相关者参与以及在关键时刻操纵政治系统以提供支持的能力。大堡礁的压力增加（来自陆地径流，过度收获和全球变暖）引发了转型过程，从而引发了应对这些挑战的新紧迫感。治理的重点从保护选定的单个礁石转移到更大范围海景的管理。这项研究强调了管理的重要性，这种管理可以改变关键角色之间的互动方式，并允许新的管理和治理形式出现以应对环境变化。这个例子说明，有力的立法或其他社会界限是必不可少的，但不足以使治理转向适应复杂海洋生态系统的自适应协同管理。

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