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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A reconstruction of the Vienna skull of Hadropithecus stenognathus
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A reconstruction of the Vienna skull of Hadropithecus stenognathus

机译：Hadropithecus stenognathus维也纳头骨的重建

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摘要

Franz Sikora found the first specimen and type of the recently extinct Hadropithecus stenognathus in Madagascar in 1899 and sent it to Ludwig Lorenz von Liburnau of the Austrian Imperial Academy of Sciences. Later, he sent several more specimens including a subadult skull that was described by Lorenz von Liburnau in 1902. In 2003, some of us excavated at the locality and found more specimens belonging to this species, including much of a subadult skeleton. Two frontal fragments were found, and these, together with most of the postcranial bones, belong to the skull. CT scans of the skull and other jaw fragments were made in Vienna and those of the frontal fragments at Penn State University. The two fragments have been reunited with the skull in silico, and broken parts from one side of the skull have been replaced virtually by mirror-imaged complete parts from the other side. The parts of the jaw of another individual of a slightly younger dental age have also been reconstructed virtually from CT scans with mirror imaging and by using the maxillary teeth and temporomandibular joints as a guide to finish the reconstruction. Apart from forming a virtual skull for biomechanical and systematic analysis, we were also able to make a virtual endocast. Missing anterior pieces were reconstructed by using part of an endocast of the related Archaeolemur majori. The volume is 115 ml. Hadropithecus and Archaeolemur seem to have had relatively large brains compared with the other large-bodied subfossil lemurs.
机译：弗朗兹·西科拉（Franz Sikora）于1899年在马达加斯加发现了最近灭绝的细齿蛇猴（Hadropithecus stenognathus）的第一个标本和类型，并将其送交奥地利帝国科学院的路德维希·洛伦兹·冯·利伯瑙（Ludwig Lorenz von Liburnau）。后来，他又送出了多个标本，其中包括1902年洛伦兹·冯·利伯瑙（Lorenz von Liburnau）描述的亚成年头骨。2003年，我们中的一些人在当地发掘并发现了更多属于该物种的标本，包括许多亚成年骨骼。发现了两个额骨碎片，这些碎片与大多数颅后骨一起属于头骨。在维也纳和宾夕法尼亚州立大学进行了颅骨和其他颌骨碎片的CT扫描。这两个碎片已与计算机通过头骨重新团聚，头骨一侧的破裂部分实际上已被另一侧的镜像完整部分所取代。牙齿年龄稍年轻的另一个人的颌骨部分实际上也已通过使用镜面成像的CT扫描进行了虚拟重建，并使用上颌牙齿和颞下颌关节作为完成重建的指南。除了形成用于生物力学和系统分析的虚拟头骨外，我们还能够进行虚拟内铸。丢失的前段通过使用相关的大古生物的内铸物的一部分进行重建。体积为115毫升。与其他大体的亚化石狐猴相比，Hadropithecus和Archaeolemur的大脑似乎相对较大。

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