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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Transcriptomic and genomic evolution under constant cold in Antarctic notothenioid fish
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Transcriptomic and genomic evolution under constant cold in Antarctic notothenioid fish

机译：持续低温下南极类胡萝卜素鱼类的转录组学和基因组进化

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摘要

The antifreeze glycoprotein-fortified Antarctic notothenioid fishes comprise the predominant fish suborder in the isolated frigid Southern Ocean. Their ecological success undoubtedly entailed evolutionary acquisition of a full suite of cold-stable functions besides antifreeze protection. Prior studies of adaptive changes in these teleost fishes generally examined a single genotype or phenotype. We report here the genome-wide investigations of transcriptional and genomic changes associated with Antarctic notothenioid cold adaptation. We sequenced and characterized 33,560 ESTs from four tissues of the Antarctic notothenioid Dis-sostichus mawsoni and derived 3,114 nonredundant protein gene families and their expression profiles. Through comparative analyses of same-tissue transcriptome profiles of D. mawsoni and temperate/tropical teleost fishes, we identified 177 notothenioid protein families that were expressed many fold over the latter, indicating cold-related up-regulation. These up-regulated gene families operate in protein biosynthesis, protein folding and degradation, lipid metabolism, antioxidation, antiapoptosis, innate immunity, choriongenesis, and others, all of recognizable functional importance in mitigating stresses in freezing temperatures during notothenioid life histories. We further examined the genomic and evolutionary bases for this expressional up-regulation by comparative genomic hybridization of DNA from four pairs of Antarctic and basal non-Antarctic notothenioids to 10,700 D. mawsoni cDNA probes and discovered significant to astounding (3-to > 300-fold, P < 0.05) Antarctic-specific duplications of 118 protein-coding genes, many of which correspond to the up-regulated gene families. Results of our integrative tripartite study strongly suggest that evolution under constant cold has resulted in dramatic genomic expansions of specific protein gene families, augmenting gene expression and gene functions contributing to physiological fitness of Antarctic notothenioids in freezing polar conditions.
机译：抗冻糖蛋白强化的南极类胡萝卜素鱼类在分离的寒冷南大洋中构成主要的鱼类亚纲。他们在生态上的成功无疑需要在进化过程中获得除防冻保护外的全套冷稳定功能。这些硬骨鱼适应性变化的先前研究通常检查单个基因型或表型。我们在这里报告与南极类胡萝卜素冷适应相关的转录和基因组变化的全基因组研究。我们对来自南极类非甾体类Dis-sostichus mawsoni的四个组织的33,560个EST进行了测序和鉴定，得出了3,114个非冗余蛋白基因家族及其表达谱。通过比较分析的D. mawsoni和温带/热带硬骨鱼类的相同组织转录组谱，我们确定了177个类胡萝卜素蛋白家族，它们的表达量是后者的许多倍，表明与寒冷有关的上调。这些上调的基因家族在蛋白质的生物合成，蛋白质的折叠和降解，脂质代谢，抗氧化，抗凋亡，先天免疫，绒毛膜形成等方面起作用，所有这些在减轻类异戊二烯生命历史中的冰冻温度压力方面具有公认的功能重要性。我们通过比较基因组杂交将DNA从四对南极和基底非南极类异类胡萝卜素与10,700个D. mawsoni cDNA探针进行比较基因组杂交，进一步研究了此表达上调的基因组和进化基础，并发现了令人震惊的重要意义（3到> 300-倍，P <0.05）118种蛋白质编码基因的南极特异性重复，其中许多对应于上调的基因家族。我们的三方综合研究结果强烈表明，持续寒冷下的进化已导致特定蛋白质基因家族的显着基因组扩展，基因表达和基因功能的增强，从而促进了南极类胡萝卜素在冰冻极地条件下的生理适应性。

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