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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The 'fire stick farming' hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics
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The 'fire stick farming' hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics

机译：“火棒耕作”假说：澳大利亚原住民的觅食策略，生物多样性和人为火灾镶嵌图

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摘要

Aboriginal burning in Australia has long been assumed to be a "resource management" strategy, but no quantitative tests of this hypothesis have ever been conducted. We combine ethnographic observations of contemporary Aboriginal hunting and burning with satellite image analysis of anthropogenic and natural landscape structure to demonstrate the processes through which Aboriginal burning shapes arid-zone vegetational diversity. Anthropogenic landscapes contain a greater diversity of successional stages than landscapes under a lightning fire regime, and differences are of scale, not of kind. Landscape scale is directly linked to foraging for small, burrowed prey (monitor lizards), which is a specialty of Aboriginal women. The maintenance of small-scale habitat mosaics increases small-animal hunting productivity. These results have implications for understanding the unique biodiversity of the Australian continent, through time and space. In particular, anthropogenic influences on the habitat structure of pa-leolandscapes are likely to be spatially localized and linked to less mobile, "broad-spectrum" foraging economies.
机译：长期以来，澳大利亚的土著居民焚烧一直被认为是一种“资源管理”策略，但从未对此假设进行过定量检验。我们将人种学对当代原住民狩猎和燃烧的观察与对人为和自然景观结构的卫星图像分析相结合，以证明原住民燃烧形成干旱区​​植被多样性的过程。与雷电环境下的景观相比，人为景观具有更大的演替阶段多样性，并且差异是规模而不是种类的。景观规模直接与觅食，挖洞的猎物（蜥蜴）有关，这是土著妇女的特长。维护小规模的栖息地马赛克可提高小动物的狩猎生产力。这些结果对于通过时间和空间了解澳大利亚大陆独特的生物多样性具有重要意义。特别是，人类活动对古猿栖息地结构的影响可能在空间上是局部的，并与移动性较弱的“广谱”觅食经济联系在一起。

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