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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Ocean Acidification Causes Bleaching And Productivity Loss In Coral Reef Builders
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Ocean Acidification Causes Bleaching And Productivity Loss In Coral Reef Builders

机译：海洋酸化导致珊瑚礁建造者漂白和生产力下降

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Ocean acidification represents a key threat to coral reefs by reducing the calcification rate of framework builders. In addition, acidification is likely to affect the relationship between corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and the productivity of this association. However, little is known about how acidification impacts on the physiology of reef builders and how acidification interacts with warming. Here, we report on an 8-week study that compared bleaching, productivity, and calcification responses of crustose coralline algae (CCA) and branching (Acropora) and massive (Porites) coral species in response to acidification and warming. Using a 30-tank experimental system, we manipulated CO_2 levels to simulate doubling and three- to fourfold increases [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projection categories IV and VI] relative to present-day levels under cool and warm scenarios. Results indicated that high CO_2 is a bleaching agent for corals and CCA under high irradiance, acting synergistically with warming to lower thermal bleaching thresholds. We propose that CO_2 induces bleaching via its impact on photoprotective mechanisms of the photosystems. Overall, acidification impacted more strongly on bleaching and productivity than on calcification. Interestingly, the intermediate, warm CO_2 scenario led to a 30% increase in productivity in Acropora, whereas high CO_2 lead to zero productivity in both corals. CCA were most sensitive to acidification, with high CO_2 leading to negative productivity and high rates of net dissolution. Our findings suggest that sensitive reef-building species such as CCA may be pushed beyond their thresholds for growth and survival within the next few decades whereas corals will show delayed and mixed responses.
机译：海洋酸化通过降低框架建造者的钙化速率，对珊瑚礁构成了关键威胁。此外，酸化可能会影响珊瑚与其共生双鞭毛藻之间的关系以及这种结合的生产力。然而，关于酸化如何影响礁石建造者的生理以及酸化如何与变暖相互作用鲜为人知。在这里，我们报告了一项为期8周的研究，该研究比较了对硬皮珊瑚藻（CCA），分支珊瑚（Acropora）和块状（Porites）珊瑚物种对酸化和变暖的漂白，生产力和钙化响应。使用30个储罐的实验系统，我们操纵了CO_2的水平以模拟相对于凉爽和温暖情景下当前水平的两倍和三到四倍的增长[政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）预测类别IV和VI]。结果表明，高CO_2是高辐照度下珊瑚和CCA的漂白剂，与变暖协同作用以降低热漂白阈值。我们提出，CO_2通过其对光系统的光保护机制的影响而引起漂白。总体而言，酸化对漂白和生产率的影响比对钙化的影响更大。有趣的是，中间的温暖的CO_2情景导致了Acropora的生产力提高了30％，而较高的CO_2导致了两种珊瑚的生产力为零。 CCA对酸化最敏感，高CO_2导致生产率下降和净溶解率高。我们的发现表明，在未来几十年内，诸如CCA等敏感的造礁物种可能会超过其增长和生存的极限，而珊瑚将表现出延迟和混杂的反应。

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