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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Deciphering The Complete Mitochondrial Genome And Phylogeny Of The Extinct Cave Bear In The Paleolithic Painted Cave Of Chauvet
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Deciphering The Complete Mitochondrial Genome And Phylogeny Of The Extinct Cave Bear In The Paleolithic Painted Cave Of Chauvet

机译：破译Chauvet旧石器彩绘洞穴中完整的线粒体基因组和灭绝的洞穴熊的系统发育

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Retrieving a large amount of genetic information from extinct species was demonstrated feasible, but complete mitochondrial genome sequences have only been deciphered for the moa, a bird that became extinct a few hundred years ago, and for Pleistocene species, such as the woolly mammoth and the mastodon, both of which could be studied from animals embedded in permafrost. To enlarge the diversity of mitochondrial genomes available for Pleistocene species, we turned to the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), whose only remains consist of skeletal elements. We collected bone samples from the Paleolithic painted cave of Chauvet-Pont d'Arc (France), which displays the earliest known human drawings, and contains thousands of bear remains. We selected a cave bear sternebra, radiocarbon dated to 32,000 years before present, from which we generated overlapping DNA fragments assembling into a 16,810-base pair mitochondrial genome. Together with the first mitochondrial genome for the brown bear western lineage, this study provides a statistically secured molecular phylogeny assessing the cave bear as a sister taxon to the brown bear and polar bear clade, with a divergence inferred to 1.6 million years ago. With the first mitochondrial genome for a Pleistocene carnivore to be delivered, our study establishes the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave as a new reservoir for Paleogenetic studies. These molecular data enable establishing the chronology of bear speciation, and provide a helpful resource to rescue for genetic analysis archeological samples initially diagnosed as devoid of amplifiable DNA.
机译：从灭绝物种中检索大量的遗传信息被证明是可行的，但是完整的线粒体基因组序列仅针对moa，几百年前灭绝的鸟类以及更新世物种（如羊毛猛and象，乳齿象，都可以从永久冻土中嵌入的动物中研究。为了扩大可用于更新世物种的线粒体基因组多样性，我们转向了仅由骨骼元素组成的洞熊（Ursus spelaeus）。我们从Chauvet-Pont d'Arc（法国）的旧石器时代彩绘洞穴中收集了骨骼样本，该洞穴中展示了已知的最早人类图纸，其中包含成千上万的熊遗骸。我们选择了一种洞穴熊胸骨，其放射性碳的历史可追溯到32,000年，从中我们产生了重叠的DNA片段，这些片段组装成一个16,810个碱基的线粒体基因组。这项研究与棕熊西部谱系的第一个线粒体基因组一起，提供了统计上有保障的分子系统发育系统，评估了作为棕熊和北极熊进化枝的姊妹分类群的洞熊，其差异可推断到160万年前。随着第一个更新世食肉动物的线粒体基因组的交付，我们的研究建立了Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave，作为古生物学研究的新储集层。这些分子数据能够确定熊物种的年表，并为拯救最初被诊断为缺乏可扩增DNA的遗传分析考古样本提供了有用的资源。

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