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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A Transitional Endogenous Lentivirus From The Genome Of A Basal Primate And Implications For Lentivirus Evolution
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A Transitional Endogenous Lentivirus From The Genome Of A Basal Primate And Implications For Lentivirus Evolution

机译：来自基础灵长类动物基因组的过渡性内源性慢病毒及其对慢病毒进化的启示

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Lentiviruses chronically infect a broad range of mammalian species and have been transmitted from primates to humans, giving rise to multiple outbreaks of HIV infection over the past century. Although the circumstances surrounding these recent zoonoses are becoming clearer, the nature and timescale of interaction between lentiviruses and primates remains unknown. Here, we report the discovery of an endogenous lentivirus in the genome of the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), a strepsirrhine primate from Madagascar, demonstrating that lentiviruses are capable of invading the primate germ line. Phylogenetic analysis places gray mouse lemur prosimian immunodeficiency virus (pSIVgml) basal to all known primate lentiviruses and, consistent with this, its genomic organization is intermediate between the nonprimate lentiviruses and their more derived primate counterparts. Thus, pSIVgml represents the first unambiguous example of a viral transitional form, revealing the acquisition and loss of genomic features during lentiviral evolution. Furthermore, because terrestrial mammal populations in Madagascar and Africa are likely to have been isolated from one another for at least 14 million years, the presence of pSIVgml in the gray mouse lemur genome indicates that lentiviruses must have been infecting primates for at least this period of time, or have been transmitted between Malagasy and African primate populations by a vector species capable of traversing the Mozambique channel. The discovery of pSIVgml illustrates the utility of endogenous sequences for the study of contemporary retroviruses and indicates that primate lentiviruses may be considerably older and more broadly distributed than previously thought.
机译：慢病毒长期感染多种哺乳动物，并已从灵长类动物传播给人类，在过去的一个世纪中爆发了多次HIV感染。尽管围绕这些最近的人畜共患病的情况越来越清楚，但慢病毒和灵长类动物相互作用的性质和时间尺度仍然未知。在这里，我们报道了灰鼠狐猴（Microcebus murinus）（来自马达加斯加的一种灵长类动物灵长类动物）的基因组中发现了一种内源性慢病毒，这表明慢病毒能够入侵灵长类动物种系。系统发育分析将灰色小鼠狐猴prosimian免疫缺陷病毒（pSIVgml）置于所有已知的灵长类慢病毒的基础上，与此相一致，其基因组结构介于非灵长类慢病毒与其衍生性更强的灵长类对应物之间。因此，pSIVgml代表病毒过渡形式的第一个明确实例，揭示了慢病毒进化过程中基因组特征的获得和丧失。此外，由于马达加斯加和非洲的陆生哺乳动物种群可能已经相互隔离了至少1400万年，因此灰色小鼠狐猴基因组中pSIVgml的存在表明，至少在此期间，慢病毒一定已经感染了灵长类动物。时间，或者已经通过能够穿越莫桑比克海峡的媒介物种在马达加斯加人和非洲灵长类动物种群之间传播。 pSIVgm1的发现说明了内源序列在当代逆转录病毒研究中的用途，并表明灵长类慢病毒可能比以前认为的更老，分布更广。

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