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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world
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Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world

机译：瞬息万变的世界中的胚胎稳定性和脆弱性

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摘要

Contrary to the view that embryos and larvae are the most fragile stages of life, development is stable under real-world conditions. Early cleavage embryos are prepared for environmental vagaries by having high levels of cellular defenses already present in the egg before fertilization. Later in development adaptive responses to the environment either buffer stress or produce alternative developmental phenotypes. These buffers, defenses, and alternative pathways set physiological limits for development under expected conditions; teratology occurs when embryos encounter unexpected environmental changes and when stress exceeds these limits. Of concern is that rapid anthropogenic changes to the environment are beyond the range of these protective mechanisms.
机译：与认为胚胎和幼虫是生命中最脆弱的阶段相反，在现实条件下发育是稳定的。通过在受精前卵中已经存在高水平的细胞防御作用，可以为早日分裂的胚胎准备好应对环境变化。在开发的后期，对环境的适应性反应要么缓解压力，要么产生替代的发育表型。这些缓冲，防御和替代途径为预期条件下的发育设定了生理极限。当胚胎遇到意想不到的环境变化并且压力超过这些限制时，就会发生畸形。令人关注的是，人为环境的快速变化超出了这些保护机制的范围。

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