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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies
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An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

机译：从线粒体和核基因谱系推断出疫霉疫霉的安第斯起源

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摘要

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary caused the 19th century Irish Potato Famine. We assessed the genealogical history of P. infestans using sequences from portions of two nuclear genes (β-tubulin and Ras) and several mitochondrial loci P3, (rp/14, rp/5. tRNA) and P4 (Cox1) from 94 isolates from South, Central, and North America, as well as Ireland. Summary statistics, migration analyses and the genealogy of current populations of P. infestans for both nuclear and mitochondrial loci are consistent with an "out of South America" origin for P. infestans. Mexican populations of P. infestans from the putative center of origin in Toluca Mexico harbored less nucleotide and haplotype diversity than Andean populations. Coalescent-based genealogies of all loci were congruent and demonstrate the existence of two lineages leading to present day haplotypes of P. infestans on potatoes. The oldest lineage associated with isolates from the section Anarrhich-omenun including Solanum tetrapetalum from Ecuador was identified as Phytophthora andina and evolved from a common ancestor of P. infestans. Nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes found in Toluca Mexico were derived from only one of the two lineages, whereas haplotypes from Andean populations in Peru and Ecuador were derived from both lineages. Haplotypes found in populations from the U.S. and Ireland was derived from both ancestral lineages that occur in South America suggesting a common ancestry among these populations. The geographic distribution of mutations on the rooted gene genealogies demonstrate that the oldest mutations in P. infestans originated in South America and are consistent with a South American origin.
机译：疫霉疫菌（蒙特疫霉）引起了19世纪的爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。我们使用来自两个核基因（β-微管蛋白和Ras）和几个线粒体基因座P3（rp / 14，rp / 5。tRNA）和P4（Cox1）的94个分离株的序列评估了P. infestans的族谱历史。南，中，北美洲以及爱尔兰。核病和线粒体基因座的致病疫霉当前种群的简要统计，迁移分析和家谱与致病疫霉的“南美以外”起源是一致的。来自墨西哥托卢卡的假定起源中心的墨西哥致病疫霉种群比安第斯种群具有较少的核苷酸和单倍型多样性。所有基因座的基于联盟的家谱是一致的，并且表明存在两个谱系，这些谱系导致当今马铃薯上的致病疫霉单倍型。与来自厄瓜多尔的Anarrhich-omenun节中分离株相关的最古老谱系被鉴定为疫霉疫霉（Phytophthora andina），并从P. infestans的共同祖先进化而来。在墨西哥托卢卡发现的核和线粒体单倍型仅来自两个谱系之一，而秘鲁和厄瓜多尔的安第斯种群的单倍型则来自两个谱系。在美国和爱尔兰的人群中发现的单倍型来源于南美洲的两个祖先血统，这表明这些人群之间有着共同的祖先。生根基因谱系上突变的地理分布表明，致病疫霉中最古老的突变起源于南美，并且与南美起源一致。

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