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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Differential contribution of frugivores to complex seed dispersal patterns
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Differential contribution of frugivores to complex seed dispersal patterns

机译：果蝇对复杂种子传播模式的不同贡献

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Frugivores are highly variable in their contribution to fruit removal in plant populations. However, data are lacking on species-specific variation in two central aspects of seed dispersal, distance of dispersal and probability of dispersal among populations through long-distance transport. We used DNA-based genotyping techniques on Prunus mahaleb seeds dispersed by birds (small- and medium-sized passerines) and carnivorous mammals to infer each seed's source tree, dispersal distance, and the probability of having originated from outside the study population. Small passerines dispersed most seeds short distances (50% dispersed < 51 m from source trees) and into covered microhabitats. Mammals and medium-sized birds dispersed seeds long distances (50% of mammals dispersed seeds > 495 m, and 50% of medium-sized birds dispersed seeds to > 110 m) and mostly into open microhabitats. Thus, dispersal distance and microhabitat of seed deposition were linked through the contrasting behaviors of different frugivores. When the quantitative contribution to fruit removal was accounted for, mammals were responsible for introducing two-thirds of the immigrant seeds into the population, whereas birds accounted for one-third. Our results demonstrate that frugivores differ widely in their effects on seed-mediated gene flow. Despite highly diverse coteries of mutualistic frugivores dispersing seeds, critical longdistance dispersal events might rely on a small subset of large species. Population declines of these key frugivore species may seriously impair seed-mediated gene flow in fragmented landscapes by truncating the long-distance events and collapsing seed arrival to a restricted subset of available microsites.
机译：果蝇在植物种群中对水果去除的贡献变化很大。但是，缺乏关于种子传播，传播距离和通过远距离迁移在种群之间传播的可能性这两个主要方面的物种特异性变异的数据。我们使用基于DNA的基因分型技术，对被鸟类（中小型雀形目）和食肉哺乳动物散布的李子种子进行推断，以推断每种种子的来源树，传播距离以及源自研究人群之外的可能性。小雀形菊将大多数种子分散在很短的距离内（50％的种子分散在距源树不到51 m的地方）并进入有盖的微生境。哺乳动物和中型鸟类将种子分散很长的距离（50％的哺乳动物将种子分散> 495 m，50％的中型鸟类将种子分散到> 110 m），并且大部分分布在开放的微生境中。因此，通过不同节食动物的对比行为将种子的散布距离和微生境联系起来。当考虑到对去除水果的定量贡献时，哺乳动物负责将三分之二的移民种子引入种群，而鸟类则占三分之一。我们的结果表明，节食动物对种子介导的基因流的影响差异很大。尽管互惠的节食动物散布着各种各样的种子，但关键的长距离散布事件可能依赖于大物种的一小部分。这些主要节食物种的种群减少可能会通过截断长距离事件并使种子到达有限的可用微站点子集而崩溃，从而严重破坏零散景观中种子介导的基因流。

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