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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in Island Southeast Asia and Oceania
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Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in Island Southeast Asia and Oceania

机译：Sus的系统发育和古代DNA提供了对东南亚岛屿和大洋洲新石器时代扩张的见解

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Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of dispersal (based primarily on linguistic, genetic, and archeological data) have been proposed. Here, through the use of mtDNA from 781 modern and ancient Sus specimens, we provide evidence for an early human-mediated translocation of the Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis) to Flores and Timor and two later separate human-mediated dispersals of domestic pig (Sus scrofa) through Island Southeast Asia into Oceania. Of the later dispersal routes, one is unequivocally associated with the Neolithic (Lapita) and later Polynesian migrations and links modern and archeological Javan, Sumatran, Wallacean, and Oceanic pigs with mainland Southeast Asian S. scrofa. Archeological and genetic evidence shows these pigs were certainly introduced to islands east of the Wallace Line, including New Guinea, and that so-called "wild" pigs within this region are most likely feral descendants of domestic pigs introduced by early agriculturalists. The other later pig dispersal links mainland East Asian pigs to western Micronesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. These results provide important data with which to test current models for human dispersal in the region.
机译：人类在大洋洲的定居标志着全球殖民化进程的高潮，该过程始于人类至少在90,000年前首次离开非洲时。南方人和相关的拉皮塔文化的确切起源和传播途径仍然存在争议，并且已经提出了许多不同的传播模型（主要基于语言，遗传和考古数据）。在这里，通过使用来自781个现代和古代Sus标本的mtDNA，我们提供了苏拉威西疣猪（Sus celebensis）早期人类介导的弗洛雷斯和帝汶易位的证据，以及后来人类介导的两只家养猪的单独弥散的证据（ Sus scrofa）通过东南亚的岛屿进入大洋洲。在后来的散布路线中，一个明确地与新石器时代（Lapita）以及后来的波利尼西亚迁徙相关，并将现代和考古的爪哇人，苏门答腊，华莱士和大洋猪与东南亚S. scrofa联系起来。考古和遗传证据表明，这些猪肯定是被引入华莱士线以东的岛屿，包括新几内亚，而且该地区内的所谓“野生”猪很可能是早期农业学家引入的家养猪的野性后代。其他后来的猪扩散活动将东亚大陆的猪与西部的密克罗尼西亚，台湾和菲律宾联系起来。这些结果提供了重要的数据，可用于测试该地区当前的人类扩散模型。

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