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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination
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Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination

机译：俄罗斯蓝调揭示语言对颜色歧视的影响

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摘要

English and Russian color terms divide the color spectrum differently. Unlike English, Russian makes an obligatory distinction between lighter blues ("goluboy") and darker blues ("siniy"). We investigated whether this linguistic difference leads to differences in color discrimination. We tested English and Russian speakers in a speeded color discrimination task using blue stimuli that spanned the siniy/goluboy border. We found that Russian speakers were faster to discriminate two colors when they fell into different linguistic categories in Russian (one siniy and the other goluboy) than when they were from the same linguistic category (both siniy or both goluboy). Moreover, this category advantage was eliminated by a verbal, but not a spatial, dual task. These effects were stronger for difficult discriminations (i.e., when the colors were perceptually close) than for easy discriminations (i.e., when the colors were further apart). English speakers tested on the identical stimuli did not show a category advantage in any of the conditions. These results demonstrate that (ⅰ) categories in language affect performance on simple perceptual color tasks and (ⅱ) the effect of language is online (and can be disrupted by verbal interference).
机译：英文和俄文颜色术语对色谱的划分不同。与英语不同，俄语在浅蓝色（“ goluboy”）和深蓝色（“ siniy”）之间进行了强制性区分。我们调查了这种语言差异是否导致颜色辨别差异。我们使用跨越Siniy / goluboy边界的蓝色刺激对英语和俄语使用者进行了快速的颜色识别测试。我们发现，说俄语的人在落入俄语的不同语言类别（一个siniy和另一个goluboy）中时，区分两种颜色的速度要快于来自同一语言类别（两个siniy或两个goluboy）的两种颜色。而且，这种类别优势被口头上但不是空间上的双重任务所消除。这些效果对于困难的辨别（即，当颜色在感觉上接近时）比对容易辨别的（即，在颜色进一步分开时）更强。在相同条件下测试的说英语的人在任何情况下都没有表现出类别优势。这些结果表明，（ⅰ）语言类别会影响简单的感知色彩任务的性能，并且（ⅱ）语言的影响是在线的（并且会受到语言干扰的干扰）。

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