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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Muller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina
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Muller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina

机译：穆勒细胞是脊椎动物视网膜中的活光纤

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摘要

Although biological cells are mostly transparent, they are phase objects that differ in shape and refractive index. Any image that is projected through layers of randomly oriented cells will normally be distorted by refraction, reflection, and scattering. Counterintuitively, the retina of the vertebrate eye is inverted with respect to its optical function and light must pass through several tissue layers before reaching the light-detecting photoreceptor cells. Here we report on the specific optical properties of glial cells present in the retina, which might contribute to optimize this apparently unfavorable situation. We investigated intact retinal tissue and individual Muller cells, which are radial glial cells spanning the entire retinal thickness. Muller cells have an extended funnel shape, a higher refractive index than their surrounding tissue, and are oriented along the direction of light propagation. Transmission and reflection confocal microscopy of retinal tissue in vitro and in vivo showed that these cells provide a low-scattering passage for light from the retinal surface to the photoreceptor cells. Using a modified dual-beam laser trap we could also demonstrate that individual Muller cells act as optical fibers. Furthermore, their parallel array in the retina is reminiscent of fiberoptic plates used for low-distortion image transfer. Thus, Muller cells seem to mediate the image transfer through the vertebrate retina with minimal distortion and low loss. This finding elucidates a fundamental feature of the inverted retina as an optical system and ascribes a new function to glial cells.
机译：尽管生物细胞大多是透明的，但它们是形状和折射率不同的相对象。通过随机定向的细胞层投影的任何图像通常都会因折射，反射和散射而失真。违反直觉的是，脊椎动物眼睛的视网膜在光学功能方面是倒置的，在到达光检测感光细胞之前，光必须穿过多个组织层。在这里，我们报告视网膜中存在的神经胶质细胞的特定光学特性，这可能有助于优化这种明显不利的情况。我们研究了完整的视网膜组织和单个穆勒细胞，它们是跨越整个视网膜厚度的放射状胶质细胞。穆勒细胞具有延长的漏斗形状，其周围组织的折射率更高，并且沿光传播方向定向。体外和体内视网膜组织的透射和反射共聚焦显微镜显示，这些细胞为从视网膜表面到感光细胞的光提供了低散射通道。使用改进的双光束激光阱，我们还可以证明单个的穆勒细胞可以充当光纤。此外，它们在视网膜中的平行排列让人联想到用于低失真图像传输的光纤板。因此，穆勒细胞似乎以最小的失真和低损失来介导通过脊椎动物视网膜的图像转移。这一发现阐明了反向视网膜作为光学系统的基本特征，并将神经胶质细胞赋予了新的功能。

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