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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Chemical cues induce consumer-specific defenses in a bloom-forming marine phytoplankton
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Chemical cues induce consumer-specific defenses in a bloom-forming marine phytoplankton

机译：化学提示在形成水华的浮游植物中诱导特定于消费者的防御

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Blooms of the phytoplankton Phaeocystis can comprise 85% of total production and generate major biogeochemical signals across broad oceanic regions. The success of Phaeocystis may result from its ability to change size by many orders of magnitude when it shifts from small cells of 4-6 μm to large colonies of up to 30,000 μm in diameter. Single cells are consumed by ciliates but not copepods, whereas colonies are consumed by copepods but not ciliates. We demonstrate that chemical cues associated with each of these grazers induce consumer-specific, but opposing, morphological transformations in the bloom-forming species Phaeocystis globosa. Chemical cues from grazing copepods suppress colony formation by a significant 60-90%, a response that should be adaptive because copepods feed four times more on colonies versus solitary cells. In contrast, chemical cues from grazing ciliates enhance colony formation by > 25%, a response that should be adaptive because ciliates grow three times faster when fed solitary cells versus colonies. Because size-selective predation fundamentally alters community structure and ecosystem function, this chemically cued shift may redirect energy and nutrients from food webs supporting fisheries to those fueling detrital pathways, thus potentially altering ecosystem-level processes such as productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient release.
机译：浮游植物囊藻的大量繁殖可占总产量的85％，并在广阔的海洋区域产生主要的生物地球化学信号。囊藻的成功可能源于它从大小为4-6μm的小细胞转变为直径最大为30,000μm的大菌落时可以将大小改变许多数量级。单细胞被纤毛虫而不是co足虫消耗，而菌落则被co足虫而不是纤毛虫消耗。我们证明，与这些放牧者中的每一个相关的化学提示在形成花的物种Phaeocystis globosa中诱导了特定于消费者的但相反的形态转化。放牧co足类动物的化学提示可显着抑制菌落形成60-90％，这是一种适应性的反应，因为co足类动物在菌落上的进食量比单细胞高四倍。相反，放牧纤毛产生的化学提示使菌落形成增加了25％以上，这是一种适应性的反应，因为当喂食单个细胞时，纤毛的生长速度是菌落的三倍。由于大小选择性捕食从根本上改变了群落结构和生态系统功能，这种化学提示的转变可能会将支持渔业的食物网中的能量和养分重定向到助长碎屑途径的那些，从而潜在地改变生态系统层面的过程，例如生产力，碳储存和养分释放。

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