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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Molecular sabotage of plant defense by aphid saliva
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Molecular sabotage of plant defense by aphid saliva

机译：蚜虫唾液对植物防御的分子破坏

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Aphids, which constitute one of the most important groups of agricultural pests, ingest nutrients from sieve tubes, the photoas-similate transport conduits in plants. Aphids are able to successfully puncture sieve tubes with their piercing mouthparts (stylets) and ingest phloem sap without eliciting the sieve tubes' normal occlusion response to injury. Occlusion mechanisms are calcium-triggered and may be prevented by chemical constituents in aphid saliva injected into sieve tubes before and during feeding. We recorded aphid feeding behavior with the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique and then experimentally induced sieve tube plugging. Initiation of sieve tube occlusion caused a change in aphid behavior from phloem sap ingestion to secretion of watery saliva. Direct proof of "unplugging" properties of aphid saliva was provided by the effect of aphid saliva on forisomes. Forisomes are proteinaceous inclusions in sieve tubes of legumes that show calcium-regulated changes in conformation between a contracted state (below calcium threshold) that does not occlude the sieve tubes and a dispersed state (above calcium threshold) that occludes the sieve tubes. We demonstrated in vitro that aphid saliva induces dispersed forisomes to revert back to the nonplugging contracted state. Labeling Western-blotted saliva proteins with ~(45)Ca~(2+) or ruthenium red inferred the presence of calcium-binding domains. These results demonstrate that aphid saliva has the ability to prevent sieve tube plugging by molecular interactions between salivary proteins and calcium. This provides aphids with access to a continuous flow of phloem sap and is a critical adaptation instrumental in the evolutionary success of aphids.
机译：蚜虫是农业害虫中最重要的一种，它从筛管（植物中的光化类似物运输管道）中摄取营养。蚜虫能够成功地用刺穿的口器（探针）刺穿筛管并摄入韧皮部汁液，而不会引起筛管对损伤的正常阻塞反应。堵塞机制是由钙触发的，可以通过在喂食之前和喂入过程中注入筛管的蚜虫唾液中的化学成分来防止。我们用电穿透图（EPG）技术记录了蚜虫的进食行为，然后通过实验诱导了筛管的堵塞。筛管阻塞的开始引起了蚜虫行为的改变，从韧皮部汁液摄入到含水唾液的分泌。蚜虫唾液对异构体的影响提供了蚜虫唾液“不堵塞”特性的直接证据。异构体是豆类筛管中的蛋白质夹杂物，在不阻塞筛管的收缩状态（低于钙阈值）和阻塞筛管的分散状态（钙阈值以上）之间显示出钙调节的构象变化。我们在体外证明了蚜虫唾液会诱导分散的异构体恢复为非堵塞收缩状态。用〜（45）Ca〜（2+）或钌红标记Western印迹的唾液蛋白可推断钙结合域的存在。这些结果表明，蚜虫唾液具有通过唾液蛋白和钙之间的分子相互作用防止筛管堵塞的能力。这为蚜虫提供了韧皮部汁液的连续流动，并且是在蚜虫进化成功中的关键适应工具。

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