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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils
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Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils

机译：多样性通过在缺磷土壤上促进根际磷素提高农业生产力

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摘要

Intercropping, which grows at least two crop species on the same pieces of land at the same time, can increase grain yields greatly. Legume-grass intercrops are known to overyield because of legume nitrogen fixation. However, many agricultural soils are deficient in phosphorus. Here we show that a new mechanism of overyielding, in which phosphorus mobilized by one crop species increases the growth of a second crop species grown in alternate rows, led to large yield increases on phosphorus-deficient soils. In 4 years of field experiments, maize (Zea mays L.) overyielded by 43% and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) overyielded by 26% when intercropped on a low-phosphorus but high-nitrogen soil. We found that overyielding of maize was attributable to below-ground interactions between faba bean and maize in another field experiment. Intercropping with faba bean improved maize grain yield significantly and above-ground biomass marginally significantly, compared with maize grown with wheat, at lower rates of P fertilizer application (< 75 kg of P_2O_5 per hectare), and not significantly at high rate of P application (> 112.5 kg of P_2O_5 per hectare). By using permeable and impermeable root barriers, we found that maize overyielding resulted from its uptake of phosphorus mobilized by the acidification of the rhizosphere via faba bean root release of organic acids and protons. Faba bean overyielded because its growth season and rooting depth differed from maize. The large increase in yields from intercropping on low-phosphorus soils is likely to be especially important on heavily weathered soils.
机译：间作可在同一片土地上同时种植至少两种农作物，可大大提高谷物产量。已知由于豆类固氮作用，豆类草间作产量过高。但是，许多农业土壤缺磷。在这里，我们显示了一种过度生产的新机制，其中一种作物动员的磷增加了交替种植的第二种作物的生长，从而导致了缺磷土壤的大幅增产。在4年的田间试验中，在低磷但高氮的土壤中作作时，玉米（Zea mays L.）高产43％，蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）高产26％。我们发现，在另一个田间试验中，玉米产量过高归因于蚕豆和玉米之间的地下相互作用。与小麦种植的玉米相比，在磷肥施用量较低（每公顷<75 kg P_2O_5）下，与蚕豆间作可显着提高玉米籽粒产量，而地上生物量略有改善（每公顷> 112.5公斤P_2O_5）。通过使用可渗透和不可渗透的根系屏障，我们发现玉米产量过高是由于其吸收了通过蚕豆根部释放有机酸和质子而酸化根际而动员的磷。蚕豆超产是因为其生长季节和生根深度与玉米不同。低磷土壤间作的大幅度增产可能对严重风化的土壤尤为重要。

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