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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Electrochemical attosyringe
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Electrochemical attosyringe

机译：电化学针头

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摘要

The ability to manipulate ultrasmall volumes of liquids is essential in such diverse fields as cell biology, microfluidics, capillary chromatography, rnand nanolithography. In cell biology, it is often necessary to inject material of high molecular weight (e.g., DNA, proteins) into living cells because their membranes are impermeable to such molecules. All techniques currently used for microin-jection are plagued by two common problems: the relatively large injector size and volume of injected fluid, and poor control of the amount of injected material. Here we demonstrate the possibility of electrochemical control of the fluid motion that allows one to sample and dispense attoliter-to-picoliter (10~(-18) to 10~(-12) liter) volumes of either aqueous or nonaqueous solutions. By changing the voltage applied across the liquid/liquid interface, one can produce a sufficient force to draw solution inside a nanopipette and then inject it into an immobilized biological cell. A high success rate was achieved in injections of fluorescent dyes into cultured human breast cells. The injection of femtoliter-range volumes can be monitored by video microscopy, and current/resistance-based approaches can be used to control injections from very small pipettes. Other potential applications of the electrochemical syringe include fluid dispensing in nanolithography and pumping in microfluidic systems.
机译：在诸如细胞生物学，微流体技术，毛细管色谱法，纳米和纳米平版印刷术等多种领域中，操纵超小体积液体的能力至关重要。在细胞生物学中，通常需要将高分子量的材料（例如，DNA，蛋白质）注入活细胞中，因为它们的膜不能透过这种分子。当前用于显微注射的所有技术都受到两个普遍问题的困扰：相对较大的注射器尺寸和所注射流体的体积，以及对所注射材料的量的不良控制。在这里，我们证明了对流体运动进行电化学控制的可能性，该方法允许人们采样并分配容量为10至（-18（-18）至10（-12）升）的水溶液或非水溶液。通过改变施加在液/液界面上的电压，人们可以产生足够的力将溶液吸到纳米移液器中，然后将其注入固定的生物细胞中。在将荧光染料注入培养的人乳腺细胞中获得了很高的成功率。可以通过视频显微镜监控飞升范围的注射量，并且可以使用基于电流/电阻的方法来控制从非常小的移液器中进行的注射。电化学注射器的其他潜在应用包括纳米光刻中的流体分配和微流体系统中的泵送。

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