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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Height, health, and development
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Height, health, and development

机译：身高，健康与发展

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摘要

Adult height is determined by genetic potential and by net nutrition, the balance between food intake and the demands on it, including the demands of disease, most importantly during early childhood. Historians have made effective use of recorded heights to indicate living standards, in both health and income, for periods where there are few other data. Understanding the determinants of height is also important for understanding health; taller people earn more on average, do better on cognitive tests, and live longer. This paper investigates the environmental determinants of height across 43 developing countries. Unlike in rich countries, where adult height is well predicted by mortality in infancy, there is no consistent relationship across and within countries between adult height on the one hand and childhood mortality or living conditions on the other. In particular, adult African women are taller than is warranted by their low incomes and high childhood mortality, not to mention their mothers' educational level and reported nutrition. High childhood mortality in Africa is associated with taller adults, which suggests that mortality selection dominates scarring, the opposite of what is found in the rest of the world. The relationship between population heights and income is inconsistent and unreliable, as is the relationship between income and health more generally.
机译：成年身高取决于遗传潜力和净营养，食物摄入量与对食物的需求（包括疾病的需求）之间的平衡，最重要的是在儿童早期。历史学家已经有效利用记录的身高来表明其他数据很少的时期的生活水平，包括健康和收入。了解身高的决定因素对于了解健康也很重要；较高的人平均收入更高，在认知测试中表现更好，寿命更长。本文调查了43个发展中国家的身高环境决定因素。与富裕国家不同，根据婴儿期的死亡率可以很好地预测成年人的身高，而在国家之间和国家内部，一方面成人的身高与另一方面的儿童期死亡率或生活条件之间没有一致的关系。尤其是，成年非洲妇女比其低收入和高儿童死亡率所保证的要高，更不用说其母亲的教育水平和所报告的营养。非洲的儿童期高死亡率与较高的成年人有关，这表明死亡率的选择主要是疤痕形成，这与世界其他地区的情况相反。人口高度与收入之间的关系是不一致和不可靠的，更普遍地说，收入与健康之间的关系也是如此。

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