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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A diapause pathway underlies the gyne phenotype in Polistes wasps, revealing an evolutionary route to caste-containing insect societies
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A diapause pathway underlies the gyne phenotype in Polistes wasps, revealing an evolutionary route to caste-containing insect societies

机译：滞育途径是Polistes黄蜂中妇因表型的基础，揭示了向含有种姓昆虫社会的进化途径

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Colonies of social wasps, ants, and bees are characterized by the production of two phenotypes of female offspring, workers that remain at their natal nest and nonworkers that are potential colony reproductives of the next generation. The phenotype difference includes morphology and is fixed during larval development in ants, honey bees, and some social wasps, all of which represent an advanced state of sociality. Paper wasps (Polistes) lack morphological castes and are thought to more closely resemble an ancestral state of sociality wherein the phenotype difference between workers and nonworkers is established only during adult life. We address an alternative hypothesis: a bias toward the potential reproductive (gyne) phenotype among Polistes female offspring occurs during larval development and is based on a facultatively expressed ancestral life history trait: diapause. We show that two signatures of diapause (extended maturation time and enhanced synthesis and sequestration of a hexameric storage protein) characterize the development of gyne offspring in Polistes metricus. Hexameric storage proteins are implicated in silencing juvenile hormone signaling, which is a prerequisite for diapause. Diverging hexamerin protein dynamics driven by changes in larval provisioning levels thereby provide one possible mechanism that can cause an adaptive shift in phenotype bias during the Polistes colony cycle. This ontogenetic basis for alternative female phenotypes in Polistes challenges the view that workers and gynes represent behavior options equally available to every female offspring, and it exemplifies how social insect castes can evolve from casteless lineages.
机译：社会性黄蜂，蚂蚁和蜜蜂的殖民地的特征是产生两种表型的雌性后代，留在其出生巢中的工人和非劳动者，它们是下一代的潜在繁殖地。表型差异包括形态，并且在蚂蚁，蜜蜂和一些社会黄蜂的幼虫发育过程中是固定的，所有这些都代表着社会的先进状态。黄蜂（Polistes）缺乏形态等级，被认为与祖先的社会状态非常相似，在这种社会状态下，工人和非工人之间的表型差异仅在成年后才确定。我们提出了另一种假设：在幼体发育过程中，Polistes雌性后代对潜在生殖（gyne）表型的偏向发生，并且是基于兼职表达的祖先生活史特征：滞育。我们显示滞育的两个签名（延长的成熟时间和增强的合成和螯合的六聚体存储蛋白）表征了Polistes metricus的妇产后代的发展。六聚体贮藏蛋白与沉默幼稚激素信号有关，这是滞育的先决条件。由幼虫供应水平变化驱动的六聚体蛋白动力学变化，从而提供了一种可能的机制，该机制可能导致Polistes菌落周期中表型偏向的适应性转变。 Polistes中其他雌性表型的个体存在基础挑战了这样一种观点，即工人和生殖器代表了每个雌性后代均能获得的行为选择，并且它例证了社会昆虫种姓如何从无种姓谱系进化而来。

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