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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity
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Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity

机译：由于物种的互补性，植物多样性对生物量生产的影响随着时间的推移而增加

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Accelerating rates of species extinction have prompted a growing number of researchers to manipulate the richness of various groups of organisms and examine how this aspect of diversity impacts ecological processes that control the functioning of ecosystems. We summarize the results of 44 experiments that have manipulated the richness of plants to examine how plant diversity affects the production of biomass. We show that mixtures of species produce an average of 1.7 times more biomass than species monocultures and are more productive than the average monoculture in 79% of all experiments. However, in only 12% of all experiments do diverse polycultures achieve greater biomass than their single most productive species. Previously, a positive net effect of diversity that is no greater than the most productive species has been interpreted as evidence for selection effects, which occur when diversity maximizes the chance that highly productive species will be included in and ultimately dominate the biomass of polycultures. Contrary to this, we show that although productive species do indeed contribute to diversity effects, these contributions are equaled or exceeded by species complementarity, where biomass is augmented by biological processes that involve multiple species. Importantly, both the net effect of diversity and the probability of polycultures being more productive than their most productive species increases through time, because the magnitude of complementarity increases as experiments are run longer. Our results suggest that experiments to date have, if anything, underestimated the impacts of species extinction on the productivity of ecosystems.
机译：物种灭绝速度的加快促使越来越多的研究人员操纵各种生物体的丰富性，并研究多样性的这一方面如何影响控制生态系统功能的生态过程。我们总结了处理植物丰富度的44个实验的结果，以检查植物多样性如何影响生物量的产生。我们显示，在所有实验中，物种混合物产生的生物量平均比物种单一培养物高1.7倍，并且比平均单一培养物生产力更高。但是，在所有实验中，只有12％的多样化混养比其单一的最具生产力的物种实现了更高的生物量。以前，不超过最高生产力物种的多样性的积极净效应已被解释为选择效应的证据，当多样性最大化高生产力物种将被纳入并最终主导混养生物的机会时，就会发生选择效应。与此相反，我们表明，尽管生产性物种确实确实在促进多样性，但物种互补性等于或超过了这些贡献，其中生物量通过涉及多个物种的生物过程而增加。重要的是，随着时间的流逝，随着实验时间的延长，互补性的幅度会增加，多样性的净效应和多元文化比其最有生产力的物种更有生产力的可能性都会增加。我们的结果表明，迄今为止的实验（如果有的话）都低估了物种灭绝对生态系统生产力的影响。

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