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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Contrarian clade confirms the ubiquity of spatial origination patterns in the production of latitudinal diversity gradients
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Contrarian clade confirms the ubiquity of spatial origination patterns in the production of latitudinal diversity gradients

机译：逆向进化枝证实了空间起源模式在纬度多样性梯度产生中的普遍存在

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摘要

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), wherein the number of species and higher taxa peaks in the tropics and decreases toward the poles, is the best-documented large-scale diversity pattern on Earth, but hypotheses explaining the standard LDG must also account for rare "contrarian" taxa that show diversity maxima outside of the tropics. For marine bivalves, one of the few groups that provide spatially explicit temporal data on a global scale, we show that a major contrarian group, the Anomalodesmata, unexpectedly exhibits the same large-scale dynamics as related clades having normal LDGs in two key respects. First, maxima in standing genus diversity and genus origination rates coincide spatially. Second, the strength of a clade's present-day LDG is significantly related to the proportion of its living genera that originated in the tropics during the late Cenozoic, with the contrarian gradient strength at both species and genus level predicted quantitatively by the values for the other clades. Geologic age distributions indicate that the anomalous LDG results from origination that is damped in the tropics rather than heightened in the temperate zones. The pervasive role of spatial origination patterns in shaping LDGs, regardless of the position of their diversity maxima, corroborates hypotheses based on clades showing standard gradients and underscores the insights that contrarian groups can provide into general principles of diversity dynamics.
机译：纬度多样性梯度（LDG）是地球上记录最充分的大规模多样性格局，其中物种的数量和较高的分类单元在热带地区达到顶峰并向两极减少，但解释标准LDG的假设也必须考虑到稀有性在热带地区表现出最大多样性的“反向”分类群。对于海洋双壳类动物（为数不多的在全球范围内提供空间上明确的时态数据的群体之一），我们表明，主要的逆势群体，Anomalodesmata，在两个关键方面出乎意料地表现出与具有正常LDG的相关进化枝相同的大规模动力学。首先，常备属的多样性和属的起源率的最大值在空间上一致。其次，进化枝目前的LDG的强度与新生代晚期起源于热带的活体属的比例显着相关，而物种和属水平上的逆向梯度强度则通过另一物种的值进行定量预测进化枝。地质年龄分布表明，LDG异常是由起源引起的，其起源在热带地区受到抑制，而不是在温带地区加剧。空间起源模式在塑造LDG中的普遍作用，无论其多样性最大值的位置如何，都基于显示标准梯度的进化枝证实了假设，并强调了逆势群体可以为多样性动态的一般原理提供的见解。

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