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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Rapid dental development in a Middle Paleolithic Belgian Neanderthal
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Rapid dental development in a Middle Paleolithic Belgian Neanderthal

机译：中古石器时代比利时尼安德特人的牙齿快速发展

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The evolution of life history (pace of growth and reproduction) was crucial to ancient hominin adaptations. The study of dental development facilitates assessment of growth and development in fossil hominins with greater precision than other skeletal analyses. During tooth formation, biological rhythms manifest in enamel and dentine, creating a permanent record of growth rate and duration. Quantification of these internal and external incremental features yields developmental benchmarks, including ages at crown completion, tooth eruption, and root completion. Molar eruption is correlated with other aspects of life history. Recent evidence for developmental differences between modern humans and Neanderthals remains ambiguous. By measuring tooth formation in the entire dentition of a juvenile Neanderthal from Scladina, Belgium, we show that most teeth formed over a shorter time than in modern humans and that dental initiation and eruption were relatively advanced. By registering manifestations of stress across the dentition, we are able to present a precise chronology of Neanderthal dental development that differs from modern humans. At 8 years of age at death, this juvenile displays a degree of development comparable with modern human children who are several years older. We suggest that age at death in juvenile Neanderthals should not be assessed by comparison with modern human standards, particularly those derived from populations of European origin. Moreover, evidence from the Scladina juvenile and other similarly aged hominins suggests that a prolonged childhood and slow life history are unique to Homo sapiens.
机译：生命历史的演变（生长和繁殖的步伐）对于古代人类的适应至关重要。牙齿发育的研究有助于以比其他骨骼分析更高的精确度评估化石人类蛋白的生长和发育。在牙齿形成过程中，牙釉质和牙本质中出现了生物节律，从而形成了永久性的生长速度和持续时间记录。对这些内部和外部增量特征的量化产生了发展基准，包括冠冠完成，牙齿萌出和根部完成的年龄。臼齿喷发与生活史的其他方面相关。关于现代人类与尼安德特人之间发展差异的最新证据仍然不明确。通过测量来自比利时斯克拉迪纳市的尼安德特人的牙齿在整个牙齿中的牙齿形成，我们发现大多数牙齿的形成时间都比现代人类短，而且牙齿的萌发和萌发相对较先进。通过记录整个牙列中的压力表现，我们能够呈现出与现代人不同的尼安德特人牙齿发育的精确时间顺序。这位少年在8岁高龄时表现出的发育程度可与几岁大的现代人类儿童媲美。我们建议，不应通过与现代人类标准（尤其是源自欧洲的人群的标准）进行比较来评估少年穴居人的死亡年龄。此外，斯克拉德纳幼犬和其他类似年龄的人类素的证据表明，智人长寿且生活史缓慢。

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