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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Active digestion of sperm mitochondrial DNA in single living sperm revealed by optical tweezers
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Active digestion of sperm mitochondrial DNA in single living sperm revealed by optical tweezers

机译：镊子揭示单个活精子中精子线粒体DNA的主动消化

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摘要

In almost all eukaryotes, mitochondrial (mt) genes are transmitted to progeny mainly from the maternal parent. The most popular explanation for this phenomenon is simple dilution of paternal mtDNA, because the paternal gametes (sperm) are much smaller than maternal gametes (egg) and contribute a limited amount of mitochondria to the progeny. Recently, this simple explanation has been challenged in several reports that describe the active digestion of sperm mtDNA, down-regulation of mtDNA replication in sperm, and proteolysis of mitochondria triggered by ubiquitina-tion. In this investigation, we visualized mt nucleoids in living sperm by using highly sensitive SY6R green I vital staining. The ability to visualize mt nucleoids allowed us to clarify that the elimination of sperm mtDNA upon fertilization is achieved through two steps: (ⅰ) gradual decrease of mt nucleoid numbers during spermatogenesis and (ⅱ) rapid digestion of sperm mtDNA just after fertilization. One notable point is that the digestion of mtDNA is achieved before the complete destruction of mitochondrial structures, which may be necessary to avoid the diffusion and transmission of potentially deleterious sperm mtDNA to the progeny.
机译：在几乎所有的真核生物中，线粒体（mt）基因主要从母本传递给后代。对此现象最流行的解释是父系mtDNA的简单稀释，因为父系配子（精子）比母体配子（蛋）小得多，并且对子代贡献有限的线粒体。最近，这种简单的解释在一些报道中受到质疑，这些报道描述了精子mtDNA的主动消化，精子中mtDNA复制的下调以及由泛素化引发的线粒体的蛋白水解。在这项调查中，我们通过使用高度敏感的SY6R green I至关重要的染色，可视化了活精子中的mt核苷酸。可视化mt核苷的能力使我们得以澄清，受精过程中精子mtDNA的消除是通过两个步骤实现的：（ⅰ）在精子发生过程中mt核苷酸的数量逐渐减少，以及（ⅱ）受精后快速消化精子mtDNA。值得注意的一点是，mtDNA的消化是在线粒体结构完全破坏之前完成的，这对于避免潜在有害的精子mtDNA向后代的扩散和传播可能是必需的。

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