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Picrotoxin-like channel blockers of GABA_A receptors

机译:GABA_A受体的微毒素样通道阻滞剂

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摘要

Picrotoxin (PTX) is the prototypic antagonist of GABA_A receptors (GABARs), the primary mediators of inhibitory neurotransmis-sion (rapid and tonic) in the nervous system. Picrotoxinin (Fig. 1A), the active ingredient in this plant convulsant, structurally does not resemble GABA, a simple, small amino acid, but it is a polycylic compound with no nitrogen atom. The compound somehow prevents ion flow through the chloride channel activated by GABA in the GABAR, a member of the cys-loop, ligand-gated ion channel super-family. Unlike the competitive GABAR antagonist bicuculline, PTX is clearly a noncompetitive antagonist (NCA), acting not at the GABA recognition site but perhaps within the ion channel. Thus PTX appears to be an excellent example of al-losteric modulation, which is extremely important in protein function in general and especially for GABAR (1). Recent advances in structural modeling of GABAR (Fig. 1 B and C) are consistent with action of PTX and analogous convul-sants as NCAs. In a recent issue of PNAS, Chen et al. (2) describe how numerous drugs in this category, with a variety of pharmacological effects, can interact with the same domain of the GABAR protein within the ion channel.
机译:微小毒素(P​​TX)是GABA_A受体(GABAR)的原型拮抗剂,GABA_A受体是神经系统中抑制性神经传递(快速和滋补)的主要介质。皮毒素(图1A)是这种植物惊厥药的活性成分,在结构上不像GABA(一种简单的小氨基酸),而是一种无氮原子的多环化合物。该化合物在某种程度上阻止了离子流过GABAR(由cys环,配体门控的离子通道超家族的成员)中的GABA激活的氯离子通道。与竞争性GABAR拮抗剂双小分子碱不同,PTX显然是一种非竞争性拮抗剂(NCA),其作用不是在GABA识别位点,而是在离子通道内。因此,PTX似乎是al-losteric调节的一个极好的例子,它在蛋白质功能上特别是对于GABAR(1)极为重要。 GABAR结构建模的最新进展(图1 B和C)与PTX和类似惊厥剂(如NCA)的作用一致。 Chen等人在最近发行的PNAS中。 (2)描述了该类别中具有多种药理作用的多种药物如何与离子通道内的GABAR蛋白的同一域相互作用。

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