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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A collagenous protective coat enables Metarhizium anisopliae to evade insect immune responses
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A collagenous protective coat enables Metarhizium anisopliae to evade insect immune responses

机译：胶原蛋白保护性外皮可使金属异化菌逃避昆虫的免疫反应

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摘要

The ubiquitous fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae kills a wide range of insects. Host hemocytes can recognize and ingest its conidia, but this capacity is lost on production of hyphal bodies. We show that the unusual ability of hyphal bodies to avoid detection depends on a gene (Mcl1) that is expressed within 20 min of the pathogen contacting hemolymph. A mutant disrupted in Mcl1 is rapidly attacked by hemocytes and shows a corresponding reduction of virulence to Manduca sexta. Mcl1 encodes a three domain protein comprising a hydrophilic, negatively charged N-terminal region with 14 cysteine residues, a central region comprising tandem repeats (GXY) characteristic of collagenous domains, and a C-terminal region that includes a glycosylphosphaticlylinositol-dependent cell wall attachment site. immunofluorescence assay showed that hyphal bodies are covered by the N-terminal domains of MCL1. The collagen domain became antibody accessible after treatment with DTT, suggesting that the N termini are linked by interchain disulfide bonds and are presented on the cell surface by extended collagenous fibers. Studies with staining reagents and hemocyte monolayers showed that MCL1 functions as an antiadhesive protective coat because it masks antigenic structural components of the cell wall such as beta-glucans, and because its hydrophilic negatively charged nature makes it unattractive to hemocytes. A survey of 54 fungal genomes revealed that seven other species have proteins with collagenous domains suggesting that MCL1 is a member of a patchily distributed gene family.
机译：无处不在的真菌病原菌Metanhizium anisopliae杀死各种各样的昆虫。宿主血细胞可以识别并摄取其分生孢子，但是这种能力在菌丝体产生时会丧失。我们显示菌丝体避免检测的异常能力取决于在病原体接触血淋巴的20分钟内表达的基因（Mcl1）。在Mcl1中被破坏的突变体被血细胞快速攻击，并显示出对曼杜卡六倍体的毒力相应降低。 Mcl1编码一个三域蛋白，包括一个带有14个半胱氨酸残基的亲水性，带负电荷的N末端区域，一个包含胶原结构域特有的串联重复（GXY）的中央区域以及一个C末端区域，该区域包括糖基磷酸糖基肌醇依赖性细胞壁附着现场。免疫荧光分析表明，菌丝体被MCL1的N端结构域覆盖。用DTT处理后，胶原蛋白结构域变为抗体可及的，这表明N末端通过链间二硫键连接，并通过延伸的胶原纤维呈现在细胞表面。对染色剂和血细胞单层的研究表明，MCL1起到了抗粘连保护层的作用，因为它掩盖了细胞壁的抗原结构成分（例如β-葡聚糖），并且由于其亲水性的负电荷性质使其对血细胞没有吸引力。一项对54个真菌基因组的调查显示，另外七个物种的蛋白质具有胶原结构域，这表明MCL1是斑块状分布的基因家族的成员。

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