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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >An endangered oasis of aquatic microbial biodiversity in the Chihuahuan desert
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An endangered oasis of aquatic microbial biodiversity in the Chihuahuan desert

机译：奇瓦瓦沙漠中一种濒临灭绝的水生微生物多样性绿洲

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The Cuatro Cienegas basin in the Chihuahuan desert is a system of springs, streams, and pools. These ecosystems support > 70 endemic species and abundant living stromatolites and other microbial communities, representing a desert oasis of high biodiversity. Here, we combine data from molecular microbiology and geology to document the microbial biodiversity of this unique environment. Ten water samples from locations within the Cuatro Cienegas basin and two neighboring valleys as well as three samples of wet sediments were analyzed. The phylogeny of prokaryotic populations in the samples was determined by characterizing cultured organisms and by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from total community DNA. The composition of microbial communities was also assessed by determining profiles of terminal restriction site polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes in total community DNA. There were 250 different phylotypes among the 350 cultivated strains. Ninety-eight partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained and classified. The clones represented 38 unique phylotypes from ten major lineages of Bacteria and one of Archaea. Unexpectedly, 50% of the phylotypes were most closely related to marine taxa, even though these environments have not been in contact with the ocean for tens of millions of years. Furthermore, terminal restriction site polymorphism profiles and geological data suggest that the aquatic ecosystems of Cuatro Cienegas are hydrologically interconnected with adjacent valleys recently targeted for agricultural intensification. The findings underscore the conservation value of desert aquatic ecosystems and the urgent need for study and preservation of freshwater microbial communities.
机译：奇瓦瓦沙漠中的Cuatro Cienegas盆地是由泉水，溪流和水池组成的系统。这些生态系统支持> 70种特有物种和丰富的层间叠层生物及其他微生物群落，代表了具有高生物多样性的沙漠绿洲。在这里，我们结合了分子微生物学和地质学的数据来记录这种独特环境的微生物多样性。分析了来自Cuatro Cienegas盆地和两个相邻山谷内地点的十个水样本以及三个湿沉积物样本。通过表征培养的生物，并通过PCR扩增和从总群落DNA中测序16S rRNA基因来确定样品中原核生物的系统发育。还通过确定总群落DNA中16S rRNA基因的末端限制性位点多态性图谱来评估微生物群落的组成。 350个栽培菌株中有250种不同的系统型。获得并分类了98个部分16S rRNA基因序列。这些克隆代表了来自细菌的十个主要谱系和古细菌之一的38个独特的系统型。出乎意料的是，即使这些环境几千万年来一直没有与海洋接触，但仍有50％的系统型与海洋生物分类最密切相关。此外，终端限制位点多态性概况和地质数据表明，Cuatro Cienegas的水生生态系统与最近针对农业集约化的邻近山谷在水文上相互联系。这些发现强调了沙漠水生生态系统的保护价值以及对研究和保护淡水微生物群落的迫切需求。

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