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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Farm-scale evaluation of the impacts of transgenic cotton on biodiversity, pesticide use, and yield
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Farm-scale evaluation of the impacts of transgenic cotton on biodiversity, pesticide use, and yield

机译：农场规模的转基因棉花对生物多样性，农药使用和产量的影响评估

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摘要

Higher yields and reduced pesticide impacts are needed to mitigate the effects of agricultural intensification. A 2-year farm-scale evaluation of 81 commercial fields in Arizona show that use of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Et) cotton reduced insecticide use, whereas transgenic cotton with Bt protein and herbicide resistance (BtHr) did not affect herbicide use. Transgenic cotton had higher yield than nontransgenic cotton for any given number of insecticide applications. However, nontransgenic, Bt and BtHr cotton had similar yields overall, largely because higher insecticide use with nontransgenic cotton improved control of key pests. Unlike Bt and BtHr cotton, insecticides reduced the diversity of nontarget insects. Several other agronomic and ecological factors also affected biodiversity. Nevertheless, pairwise comparisons of diversity of nontarget insects in cotton fields with diversity in adjacent noncultivated sites revealed similar effects of cultivation of transgenic and nontransgenic cotton on biodiversity. The results indicate that impacts of agricultural intensification can be reduced when replacement of broad-spectrum insecticides by narrow-spectrum Bt crops does not reduce control of pests not affected by Bt crops.
机译：为了减轻农业集约化的影响，需要更高的产量和减少的农药影响。对亚利桑那州81个商业区进行的为期2年的农场规模评估显示，使用转基因苏云金芽孢杆菌（Et）棉花可减少杀虫剂的使用，而具有Bt蛋白和除​​草剂抗性（BtHr）的转基因棉花不会影响除草剂的使用。对于任何给定数量的杀虫剂施用，转基因棉花的产量均高于非转基因棉花。但是，非转基因棉花，Bt和BtHr棉花总体上具有相似的产量，这主要是因为与非转基因棉花一起使用更高的杀虫剂可以改善对关键害虫的控制。与Bt和BtHr棉花不同，杀虫剂减少了非目标昆虫的多样性。其他几个农业和生态因素也影响了生物多样性。尽管如此，成对比较棉花田中非目标昆虫的多样性与相邻非耕种地点的多样性，发现转基因棉花和非转基因棉花的种植对生物多样性具有相似的影响。结果表明，当窄谱Bt作物替代广谱杀虫剂不会减少对不受Bt作物影响的害虫的控制时，可以减轻农业集约化的影响。

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