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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >An early role for Sonic hedgehog from foregut endoderm in jaw development: Ensuring neural crest cell survival
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An early role for Sonic hedgehog from foregut endoderm in jaw development: Ensuring neural crest cell survival

机译：前肠内胚层声波刺猬在颌骨发育中的早期作用：确保神经c细胞存活

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摘要

We have investigated the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the development of facial structures by depriving chicken embryos of the most anterior sources of this morphogen, including the prechordal plate and the anterior ventral endoderm of the foregut, before the onset of neural crest cell (NCC) migration to the first branchial arch (BA1). The entire forehead, including the foregut endoderm, was removed at 5- to 10-somite stage (ss), which led to the absence of the lower jaw when the operation was performed before 7-ss. If the embryos were deprived of their forehead at 8- to 10-ss, they were later on endowed with a lower beak. In embryos that were operated on early, the NCCs migrated normally to BA1 but were subjected to massive apoptosis a few hours later. Cell death did not occur when forehead excision was performed at a later stage. In this case, onward expression of Shh in the ventral foregut endoderm extended caudally over the excision limit, and we hypothesized that absence of Shh production by the endoderm in embryos that were operated on early could be responsible, for the NCC apoptosis and the failure of BA1 development. We thus provided exogenous Shh to the embryos that were operated on before 7-ss. In this case, the development of the lower jaw was rescued. Therefore, Shh derived from the ventral foregut endoderm ensures the survival of NCCs at a critical stage of BA1 development.
机译：我们已经研究了在神经c细胞发作之前，通过剥夺鸡胚该形态发生因子的最前来源，包括前肠前盘和前腹内胚层，来研究声波刺猬（Shh）在面部结构发展中的作用。 （NCC）迁移到第一个branch弓（BA1）。整个前额，包括前肠内胚层，在5到10例受累阶段（ss）切除，这导致在7 ss之前进行手术时没有下颌。如果胚胎在8到10 ss时被剥夺了额头，那么它们随后会被赋予较低的喙。在早期接受手术的胚胎中，NCC正常迁移至BA1，但在数小时后发生大量凋亡。在稍后阶段进行前额切除时，未发生细胞死亡。在这种情况下，Shh在腹侧前肠内胚层中的表达逐渐超过切除极限，并且我们推测早期手术的胚中内胚层不产生Shh可能是造成NCC凋亡和失败的原因。 BA1开发。因此，我们将外源Shh提供给在7-ss之前进行手术的胚胎。在这种情况下，下颌的发育得以挽救。因此，源自腹侧前肠内胚层的Shh可确保NCC在BA1发育的关键阶段得以存活。

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