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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: A randomized, controlled study
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Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: A randomized, controlled study

机译：使用基于大脑可塑性的培训计划，增强健康老年人的记忆力：一项随机对照研究

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摘要

Normal aging is associated with progressive functional losses in perception, cognition, and memory. Although the root causes of age-related cognitive decline are incompletely understood, psychophysical and neuropsychological evidence suggests that a significant contribution stems from poorer signal-to-noise conditions and down-regulated neuromodulatory system function in older brains. Because the brain retains a lifelong capacity for plasticity and adaptive reorganization, dimensions of negative reorganization should be at least partially reversible through the use of an appropriately designed training program. We report here results from such a training program targeting age-related cognitive decline. Data from a randomized, controlled trial using standardized measures of neuropsychological function as outcomes are presented. Significant improvements in assessments directly related to the training tasks and significant generalization of improvements to nonrelated standardized neuropsychological measures of memory (effect size of 0.25) were documented in the group using the training program. Memory enhancement appeared to be sustained after a 3-month no-contact follow-up period. Matched active control and no-contact control groups showed no significant change in memory function after training or at the 3-month follow-up. This study demonstrates that intensive, plasticity-engaging training can result in an enhancement of cognitive function in normal mature adults.
机译：正常衰老与感知，认知和记忆的进行性功能丧失有关。尽管与年龄有关的认知能力下降的根本原因尚未完全理解，但心理物理学和神经心理学证据表明，较大的贡献源于较差的信噪比条件和老年大脑中神经调节系统功能的下调。由于大脑保留了终生的可塑性和适应性重组能力，因此，通过使用适当设计的训练程序，负面重组的规模应至少可部分逆转。我们在此报告针对此类与年龄相关的认知能力下降的培训计划的结果。提供了使用标准化的神经心理学功能量度作为结果的随机对照试验的数据。与培训任务直接相关的评估显着改善，并且在使用该培训计划的小组中记录了对不相关的标准化神经心理学记忆测量（效果大小为0.25）的显着改善。经过3个月的非接触式随访后，记忆增强似乎得以持续。配对的主动对照组和无接触对照组在训练后或3个月的随访中显示记忆功能无明显变化。这项研究表明，强化的，可塑的训练可以使正常成熟成年人的认知功能增强。

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