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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Sexual acquisition of beneficial symbionts in aphids
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Sexual acquisition of beneficial symbionts in aphids

机译：对蚜虫有益共生体的性获取

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摘要

A noted cost of mating is the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections that are detrimental to the recipient. But many microbial associates of eukaryotes are mutualistic, raising the possibility that sexual contact provides the opportunity to acquire symbionts that are beneficial. In aphids, facultative bacterial symbionts, which benefit hosts by conferring resistance to natural enemies or to heat, are transmitted maternally with high fidelity and are maintained stably throughout hundreds of parthenogenetic generations in the laboratory. Data from field populations indicate that horizontal transfer of these facultative symbionts is frequent, and transfections are readily achieved by microinjection or ingestion in artificial diet. However, no natural mechanism for the horizontal transfer of these symbionts has been identified. Here we demonstrate that during sexual reproduction, male-borne symbionts can be acquired by females and subsequently transferred to sexually and parthenogenetically produced progeny, establishing stable, maternally transmitted associations. In our experiments, sexually transmitted symbionts resulted in (i) infection of previously uninfected matrilines, (ii) a double infection in a matriline already bearing a different symbiont, and (iii) replacement of the maternal symbiont. We also observed some cases in which maternal symbionts failed to become established in sexually produced progeny. Microscopy indicated that symbionts were abundant in the male reproductive system, which demonstrates a natural route of nonmaternal transfer of insect symbionts. Because such transfer can generate coinfections, thereby creating opportunities for symbiont competition and recombination, paternal inheritance has major consequences for expectations regarding symbiont evolution.
机译：明显的交配成本是获得有害于接受者的性传播感染的风险。但是许多真核生物的微生物同伴是相互关系的，这增加了性接触为获取有益共生体提供机会的可能性。在蚜虫中，兼性细菌共生体通过赋予对天敌或热的抵抗力而使宿主受益，并以高保真度在母体中传播，并在实验室的数百个孤雌生殖世代中得到稳定的维持。来自田间种群的数据表明，这些兼性共生体的水平转移是频繁的，并且通过在人工饮食中显微注射或摄入很容易实现转染。但是，尚未发现这些共生体水平转移的自然机制。在这里，我们证明，在有性生殖过程中，雌性可以获取男性传播的共生体，然后转移至有性和孤雌生殖产生的后代，建立稳定的，由母亲传播的关联。在我们的实验中，通过性传播的共生体导致（i）以前未感染的母体感染，（ii）在已经带有不同共生体的母体中发生双重感染，以及（iii）母体共生体的替换。我们还观察到在某些情况下母体共生体无法在有性繁殖的后代中确立。显微镜检查表明，雄性生殖系统中有大量的共生体，这表明昆虫共生体是非母体转移的自然途径。因为这种转移会产生共感染，从而为共生体竞争和重组创造机会，所以父系遗传对共生体进化的预期产生重大影响。

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