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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Policy strategies to address sustainability of Alaskan boreal forests in response to a directionally changing climate
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Policy strategies to address sustainability of Alaskan boreal forests in response to a directionally changing climate

机译：应对气候变化以应对阿拉斯加北方森林可持续性的政策策略

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摘要

Human activities are altering many factors that determine the fundamental properties of ecological and social systems. Is sustainability a realistic goal in a world in which many key process controls are directionally changing? To address this issue, we integrate several disparate sources of theory to address sustainability in directionally changing social-ecological systems, apply this framework to climate-warming impacts in Interior Alaska, and describe a suite of policy strategies that emerge from these analyses. Climate warming in Interior Alaska has profoundly affected factors that influence landscape processes (climate regulation and disturbance spread) and natural hazards, but has only indirectly influenced ecosystem goods such as food, water, and wood that receive most management attention. Warming has reduced cultural services provided by ecosystems, leading to some of the few institutional responses that directly address the causes of climate warming, e.g., indigenous initiatives to the Arctic Council. Four broad policy strategies emerge: (i) enhancing human adaptability through learning and innovation in the context of changes occurring at multiple scales; (ii) increasing resilience by strengthening negative (stabilizing) feedbacks that buffer the system from change and increasing options for adaptation through biological, cultural, and economic diversity; (iii) reducing vulnerability by strengthening institutions that link the high-latitude impacts of climate warming to their low-latitude causes; and (iv) facilitating transformation to new, potentially more beneficial states by taking advantage of opportunities created by crisis. Each strategy provides societal benefits, and we suggest that all of them be pursued simultaneously.
机译：人类活动正在改变许多决定生态和社会系统基本特性的因素。在许多关键过程控制在不断变化的世界中，可持续发展是否是一个现实的目标？为了解决这个问题，我们整合了多种不同的理论来源，以解决定向变化的社会生态系统中的可持续性，将该框架应用于阿拉斯加内陆地区的气候变暖影响，并描述从这些分析中得出的一系列政策策略。阿拉斯加内陆地区的气候变暖已对影响景观过程（气候调节和干扰扩散）和自然灾害产生了深远影响的因素，但仅间接影响了受到管理最多关注的生态系统货物，如食物，水和木材。变暖减少了生态系统提供的文化服务，导致了一些直接针对气候变暖原因的机构回应，例如向北极理事会提出的土著倡议。出现了四个广泛的政策策略：（i）在多种规模的变化中通过学习和创新来增强人类的适应能力； （ii）通过加强负面（稳定）反馈来增强抵御力，这些负面反馈使系统免受变化的影响，并通过生物，文化和经济多样性增加了适应的选择； （iii）通过加强将气候变暖的高纬度影响与其低纬度原因联系起来的机构来减少脆弱性； （iv）通过利用危机带来的机遇，促进向新的，可能更有利的国家的转型。每种策略都能带来社会效益，我们建议同时追求所有这些效益。

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