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Life-history evolution under a production constraint

机译:生产约束下的生命历史演变

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摘要

The recently formulated metabolic theory of ecology has profound implications for the evolution of life histories. Metabolic rate constrains the scaling of production with body mass, so that larger organisms have lower rates of production on a mass-specific basis than smaller ones. Here, we explore the implications of this constraint for life-history evolution. We show that for a range of very simple life histories, Darwinian fitness is equal to birth rate minus death rate. So, natural selection maximizes birth and production rates and minimizes death rates. This implies that decreased body size will generally be favored because it increases production, so long as mortality is unaffected. Alternatively, increased body size will be favored only if it decreases mortality or enhances reproductive success sufficiently to override the preexisting production constraint. Adaptations that may favor evolution of larger size include niche shifts that decrease mortality by escaping predation or that increase fecundity by exploiting new abundant food sources. These principles can be generalized to better understand the intimate relationship between the genetic currency of evolution and the metabolic currency of ecology.
机译:最近制定的生态代谢理论对生命历史的演变具有深远的影响。代谢率限制了生产量随体重的变化,因此,较大的生物体(按质量)的生产率低于较小的生物体。在这里,我们探讨了这种约束对生活史演变的影响。我们表明,对于一系列非常简单的生活史,达尔文健康度等于出生率减去死亡率。因此,自然选择可以最大程度地提高出生率和生产率,并最大限度地降低死亡率。这意味着,只要死亡率不受影响,通常会希望减小身体尺寸,因为它会增加产量。另外,只有在降低死亡率或充分提高繁殖成功率以克服先前的生产限制的情况下,才有利于增加体型。可能有利于大尺寸进化的适应措施包括生态位转移,这些生态位转移通过逃避捕食来降低死亡率,或者通过开发新的丰富食物来源来增加繁殖力。可以概括这些原则,以更好地理解进化的遗传货币与生态的代谢货币之间的密切关系。

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