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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Balancing selection and the evolution of functional polymorphism in Old World monkey TRIM5 alpha
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Balancing selection and the evolution of functional polymorphism in Old World monkey TRIM5 alpha

机译:老世界猴TRIM5 alpha的平衡选择和功能多态性的演变

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摘要

Retroviral restriction factor TRIM5 alpha exhibits a high degree of sequence variation among primate species. It has been proposed that this diversity is the cumulative result of ancient, lineage-specific episodes of positive selection. Here, we describe the contribution of within-species variation to the evolution of TRIM5 alpha. Sampling within two geographically distinct Old World monkey species revealed extensive polymorphism, including individual polymorphisms that predate speciation (shared polymorphism). In some instances, alleles were more closely related to orthologues of other species than to one another. Both silent and nonsynonymous changes clustered in two domains. Functional assays revealed consequences of polymorphism, including differential restriction of a small panel of retroviruses by very similar alleles. Together, these features indicate that the primate TRIM5 alpha locus has evolved under balancing selection. Except for the MHC there are few, if any, examples of long-term balancing selection in primates. Our results suggest a complex evolutionary scenario, in which fixation of lineage-specific adaptations is superimposed on a subset of critical polymorphisms that predate speciation events and have been maintained by balancing selection for millions of years.
机译:逆转录病毒限制因子TRIM5 alpha在灵长类动物中表现出高度的序列变异性。已经提出,这种多样性是古老的,特定于世系的积极选择的累积结果。在这里,我们描述了物种内部变异对TRIM5 alpha进化的贡献。在两个地理上不同的旧大陆猴子物种中进行的采样显示出广泛的多态性,包括在物种形成之前存在的单个多态性(共享多态性)。在某些情况下,等位基因与其他物种的直向同源物之间的关系比彼此更紧密。静默更改和非同义词更改都聚集在两个域中。功能测定揭示了多态性的后果,包括非常相似的等位基因对一小部分逆转录病毒的差异性限制。这些特征共同表明灵长类TRIM5α基因座在平衡选择下已经进化。除MHC外,灵长类动物中进行长期平衡选择的例子很少(如果有的话)。我们的结果提出了一个复杂的进化方案,在该方案中,特定于世系的适应性固定叠加在关键的多态性的子集上,该子集早于物种形成事件,并且通过平衡选择而得以维持了数百万年。

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