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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Miocene mammal reveals a Mesozoic ghost lineage on insular New Zealand, southwest Pacific
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Miocene mammal reveals a Mesozoic ghost lineage on insular New Zealand, southwest Pacific

机译：中新世哺乳动物在西南太平洋的新西兰岛揭示中生代鬼血统

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摘要

New Zealand (NZ) has long been upheld as the archetypical example of a land where the biota evolved without nonvolant terrestrial mammals. Their absence before human arrival is mysterious, because NZ was still attached to East Antarctica in the Early Cretaceous when a variety of terrestrial mammals occupied the adjacent Australian portion of Gondwana. Here we report discovery of a nonvolant mammal from Miocene (19-16 Ma) sediments of the Manuherikia Group near St Bathans (SIB) in Central Otago, South Island, NZ. A partial relatively plesiomorphic femur and two autapomorphically specialized partial mandibles represent at least one mouse-sized mammal of unknown relationships. The material implies the existence of one or more ghost lineages, at least one of which (based on the relatively plesiomorphic partial femur) spanned the Middle Miocene to at least the Early Cretaceous, probably before the time of divergence of marsupials and placentals > 125 Ma. Its presence in NZ in the Middle Miocene and apparent absence from Australia and other adjacent landmasses at this time appear to reflect a Gondwanan vicariant event and imply persistence of emergent land during the Oligocene marine transgression of NZ. Nonvolant terrestrial mammals disappeared from NZ some time since the Middle Miocene, possibly because of late Neogene climatic cooling.
机译：新西兰长期以来一直被认为是生物群在没有繁琐的陆生哺乳动物的情况下进化的土地的典型例子。它们在人类到达之前的缺席是一个神秘的事物，因为当各种各样的陆生哺乳动物占领了冈瓦纳附近的澳大利亚部分时，新西兰仍然依附于白垩纪早期的南极东部。在这里，我们报道了在新西兰南岛奥塔哥中部圣巴特汉斯（SIB）附近的Manuherikia群中新世（19-16 Ma）沉积物中发现的一种不挥发的哺乳动物。一部分相对卵形的股骨和两个自体形态化的特殊下颌骨代表着至少一种未知关系的小鼠大小的哺乳动物。该材料暗示存在一个或多个鬼血统，其中至少一个（基于相对的多形的部分股骨）跨越中中新世至少到早白垩世，可能在有袋动物和胎盘的分叉时间> 125 Ma之前。它出现在中新世中期的NZ中，此时显然没有来自澳大利亚和其他邻近的陆块，这似乎反映了冈瓦纳人的arian杀事件，并暗示了在渐新世海侵期间NZ不断出现。自中新世以来的某个时间，不挥发的陆地哺乳动物从新西兰消失了，这可能是由于新近纪气候变冷的缘故。

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